Pseudotyped viral particles, compositions comprising the same, and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

Provided for herein are mutant VSV-G polypeptides, compositions comprising the same, and methods of using the same. Also provided for herein are polypeptides and compositions that bind to CD7 and uses thereof. Also provided for herein are polypeptides and compositions that bind to CD8 and uses thereof.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/289,888 filed 15 Dec. 2021, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/289,977 filed 15 Dec. 2021, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/266,044 filed 27 Dec. 2021, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/267,039 filed 21 Jan. 2022, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in XML format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said XML copy, created on 28 Nov. 2022, is named “148165.001401_SL.xml” and is 86.3 kilobytes in size.

BACKGROUND

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an enveloped, negative-strand RNA virus that belongs to the Vesiculovirus genus of the Rhabdovirus family. It is an arbovirus which can infect insects, cattle, horses and pigs. VSV genome encodes five structural proteins among which include a single transmembrane glycoprotein (G). The glycoprotein is a classic type I membrane glycoprotein with an amino-terminal signal peptide, an ectodomain of about 450 amino acids, a single alpha helical transmembrane segment and a small intraviral carboxy-terminal domain. The signal peptide is cleaved in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and the native glycoprotein consists in the ectodomain, the transmembrane domain and the intraviral domain.

G plays a critical role during the initial steps of virus infection (Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Rhabdovirus Entry. Viruses 4, 117-139.), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. First, it is responsible for virus attachment to specific receptors. After binding, virions enter the cell by a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. In the acidic environment of the endocytic vesicle, G triggers the fusion between the viral and endosomal membranes, which releases the genome in the cytosol for the subsequent steps of infection. Fusion is catalyzed by a low-pH-induced large structural transition from a pre-toward a post-fusion conformation which are both trimeric (Roche, S., Bressanelli, S., Rey, F. A., and Gaudin, Y. (2006). Crystal structure of the low-pH form of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G. Science 313, 187-191. Roche, S., Rey, F. A., Gaudin, Y., and Bressanelli, S. (2007). Structure of the prefusion form of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein g. Science 315, 843-848), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).

The polypeptide chain of G ectodomain folds into three distinct domains which are the fusion domain (FD), the pleckstrin homology domain (PHD), and the trimerization domain (TrD). During the structural transition, the FD, the PHD and the TrD retain their tertiary structure. Nevertheless, they undergo large rearrangements in their relative orientation due to secondary changes in hinge segments (S1 to S5) which refold during the low-pH induced conformational change (Roche et al., 2006; Roche et al., 2007).

It has been shown that low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and other members of this receptor family serve as VSV receptors (Finkelshtein, D., Werman, A., Novick, D., Barak, S., and Rubinstein, M. (2013). LDL receptor and its family members serve as the cellular receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110, 7306-7311, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). VSV-G can be used for pseudotyping other viruses and VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviruses (VSV-G-LVs) exhibit the same broad tropism as VSV. However, this broad tropism can inhibit the selective targeting of specific cell types. Therefore, there is a need, for modified (mutated or mutant) VSV-G proteins that can be used to pseudotype viruses that abrogate its binding to the LDL receptor. The present embodiments, fulfill these needs as well as others.

The human CD7 molecule is a cell surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The CD7 molecule is mainly expressed on the surface of most thymocytes, more than 85% of the surface of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and the surface of natural killer cells. The embodiments disclosed herein provide for polypeptide and antibodies against CD7, compositions comprising the same, and uses thereof.

CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is a specific marker for a subclass of T-cells (which includes cytotoxic T-cells). Without wishing to be bound to a particular theory, CD8 assembles as either a heterodimer of the CD8 alpha and CD8 beta subunits or a CD8 alpha homodimer. The assembled dimeric CD8 complex acts as a co-receptor together with the T cell receptor (TCR) to recognize antigen presentation by MHC class I cells. CD8 plays a role in the development of T-cells and activation of mature T-cells. Changes in T-cell localization can reflect the progression of an immune response and can occur over time. The embodiments disclosed herein provide for polypeptide and antibodies against CD8, compositions comprising the same, and uses thereof.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In some embodiments, a VSV-G polypeptide is provided. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises a mutation at position 182 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an I182E or I182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.

In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide further comprises a mutation in the VSV-G protein that corresponds to a position of 8, 10, 47, 209, and/or 354 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises a H8A and/or a K47Q substitution. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises a substitution at position 10 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 10 is Q10A, Q10R, or Q10K.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G polypeptide is provided. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises a substitution at position I182 and at least one of T214, and T352 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises a substitution at position I182, T214, and T352 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.

In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule is provided. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes for the VSV-G polypeptide as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a vector is provided comprising a nucleic acid molecule as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a plasmid is provided comprising a nucleic acid molecule as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a viral particle is provided. In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G polypeptide as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the viral particle further comprises a targeting moiety. In some embodiments, the viral particle further comprises a nucleic acid molecule encoding for a heterologous molecule of interest.

In some embodiments, a method of delivering a heterologous molecule of interest to a target cell is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a viral vector comprising a VSV-G protein as provided for herein, a targeting moiety that binds to the target cell, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor.

In some embodiments, a method of delivering a heterologous molecule of interest to a target cell in a subject is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a viral vector comprising a VSV-G protein as provided for herein, a targeting moiety that binds to the target cell, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor.

In some embodiments, a method of treating cancer in a subject is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a viral vector comprising a VSV-G protein as provided for herein, a targeting moiety that binds to the target cell, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety of the viral particle binds to CD7. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, a heavy chain CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, a heavy chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, a light chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, a light chain CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39, a light chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 and a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety of the viral particle binds to CD8. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, a heavy chain CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, a heavy chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, a light chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, a light chain CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, a light chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 and a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70.

In some embodiments, a method of delivering a heterologous molecule of interest to a target cell is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a viral vector comprising a VSV-G protein as provided for herein, a targeting moiety as provided for herein that binds to the target cell, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest. In some embodiments the targeting moiety binds to CD7. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to CB8. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor.

In some embodiments, a method of delivering a heterologous molecule of interest to a target cell in a subject is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a viral vector comprising a VSV-G protein as provided for herein, a targeting moiety as provided for herein that binds to the target cell, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest. In some embodiments the targeting moiety binds to CD7. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to CB8. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor.

In some embodiments, a method of treating cancer in a subject is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a viral vector comprising a VSV-G protein as provided for herein, a targeting moiety as provided for herein that binds to the target cell, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest. In some embodiments the targeting moiety binds to CD7. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to CB8. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate crystal structures of VSV-G bound to LDL-R. FIG. 1A illustrates the crystal structure of VSV-G bound to CR3 of the LDL-R. FIG. 1B illustrates the crystal structure of VSV-G bound to CR2 of the LDL-R.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate the effect of adding negatively charged amino acids to the VSV-G:LDL-R binding interface on native tropism and fusogenicity. FIG. 2A illustrates the titration of VSV-G constructs on SupT1 cells. FIG. 2B illustrates functional titer of each construct calculated from the titration in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 illustrates an alignment of the ectodomains of different VSV-G proteins from different strains.

FIG. 4 illustrates the effect of various VSV-G mutations on the serum stability of viral constructs in combination with a CD7 binder.

FIG. 5 illustrates the effect of various VSV-G mutations on the serum stability of viral constructs in combination with a CD7 binder.

FIGS. 6A-L show flow cytometry data of human PBMCs transduced with exemplary vectors comprising CD7 binders as disclosed herein.

FIG. 6M shows flow cytometry data of human PBMCs transduced with exemplary vectors comprising CD7 binders as disclosed herein.

FIGS. 7A-L shows flow cytometry data of non-human primate PBMCs transduced with exemplary vectors comprising CD7 binders as disclosed herein.

FIG. 7M shows flow cytometry data of non-human primate PBMCs transduced with exemplary vectors comprising CD7 binders as disclosed herein.

FIG. 8A shows flow cytometry data of human PBMCs transduced with exemplary vectors comprising CD8 binders as disclosed herein.

FIG. 8B shows flow cytometry data of non-human primate PBMCs transduced with exemplary vectors comprising CD8 binders as disclosed herein.

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B illustrate GFP or CAR transduction of SupT1 cells utilizing VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles harboring CD7 or CD8 binders as provided for herein. FIG. 9A illustrates GFP transduction. FIG. 9B illustrates CAR transduction.

FIG. 10A illustrates the ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral particles harboring a CD7 binder to transduce SupT1 cells as well as human and non-human primate PBMCs. FIG. 10B illustrates the transduction of cells in the absence of the CD7 binder. FIG. 10C illustrates the transduction of human and non-human primate PBMCs in terms of MOI calculated from SupT1 titration. VSV-G* denotes VSV-G polypeptide comprising I182E, T214N, T352A, which corresponds to a mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 23 or SEQ ID NO: 25 (with I196E, T230N and T368A mutations (with leader sequence and adjusted numbering).

FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B illustrate the off target transduction of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral particles harboring a CD7 binder in a panel of B-cell cell lines as compared to control SupT1 cells. FIG. 11A illustrates the data for GFP transduction. FIG. 11B illustrates the data for CAR20-T2A-GFP transduction. VSV-G* denotes a VSV-G polypeptide comprising I182E, T214N, and T352A mutations as provided for herein.

FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B illustrate the ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral particles utilizing CD7 binders and a CD20-CAR transgene as provided for herein to kill Duadi lymphoma cells (FIG. 12A) or Raji lymphoma cells (FIG. 12B). CAR20 constructs utilized antigen binding domains comprising rituximab, or CD20AB1 SEQ ID NOs 75 or 76 as provided for herein.

FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B illustrate the ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral particles utilizing CD7 binders and a CD20-CAR transgene as provided for herein to deplete B-cells in vivo in huCD34 NSG mice. B-cells were detected via assessment for CD20 (FIG. 13A) or CD19 (FIG. 13B).

FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B illustrate the ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral particles utilizing CD7 binders and a CD20-CAR transgene as provided for herein to prevent tumor formation in vivo. FIG. 14A depicts the experimental design. FIG. 14B illustrates that mice receiving i.v. lentiviral particles as provided for herein prior to Raji tumor infusion had significantly lower tumor burden than mice receiving control (GFP) vector or untreated mice. Tumor burden measured via IVIS imaging.

FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B illustrate the ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral particles utilizing CD7 binders and a CD20-CAR transgene as provided for herein to eliminate estabilished Raji tumors in vivo. FIG. 15A depicts the experimental design. FIG. 15B illustrates that mice receiving i.v. lentiviral particles as provided for herein after 6 days after Raji tumor infusion had their tumor burdens diminished below the limit of detection. Tumor burden measured via IVIS imaging.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided for herein are mutant VSV-G proteins that can be used, for example, to pseudotype a virus, such as a lentivirus. In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles are pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins of a vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strain, a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus strain, a vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus strain, a vesicular stromatitis Maraba virus strain, or a vesicular stomatitis Carajas virus strain.

The pseudotyped viruses comprising the mutant VSV-G proteins can be used in conjunction with a targeting moiety to facilitate the fusion of the pseudotyped virus with a specific cell or tissue based on the expression of the target on the cell or the tissue.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed belongs.

As used herein, the terms “a” or “an” means that “at least one” or “one or more” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

As used herein, the term “about” means that the numerical value is approximate and small variations would not significantly affect the practice of the disclosed embodiments. Where a numerical limitation is used, unless indicated otherwise by the context, “about” means the numerical value can vary by ±10% and remain within the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Additionally, where a phrase recites “about x to y,” the term “about” modifies both x and y and can be used interchangeably with the phrase “about x to about y” unless context dictates differently.

“Activation,” as used herein in reference to a T cell, refers to the state of a T cell that has been sufficiently stimulated to induce detectable cellular proliferation. Activation can also be associated with induced cytokine production, and detectable effector functions. The term “activated T cells” refers to, among other things, T cells that are undergoing cell division.

As used herein, to “alleviate” a disease means reducing the severity of one or more symptoms of the disease.

The term “antigen” as used herein is defined as a molecule that provokes an immune response. This immune response may involve either antibody production, or the activation of specific immunologically-competent cells, or both. The skilled artisan will understand that any macromolecule, including virtually all proteins or peptides, can serve as an antigen. The term “antigen” can also refer to a molecule that an antibody or antibody-like molecule can bind to or is recognized by the antibody or antibody-like molecule.

The term “antibody molecule,” “antibody” or antigen binding domain, as that term is used herein, refers to a polypeptide, e.g., an immunoglobulin chain or fragment thereof, comprising at least one functional immunoglobulin variable domain sequence. An antibody molecule encompasses antibodies (e.g., full-length antibodies) and antibody fragments. In some embodiments, an antibody molecule comprises an antigen binding or functional fragment of a full-length antibody, or a full-length immunoglobulin chain. For example, a full-length antibody is an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule (e.g., an IgG antibody) that is naturally occurring or formed by normal immunoglobulin gene fragment recombinatorial processes. In embodiments, an antibody molecule refers to an immunologically active, antigen binding portion of an immunoglobulin molecule, such as an antibody fragment. An antibody fragment, e.g., functional fragment, comprises a portion of an antibody, e.g., Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, F(ab)2, variable fragment (Fv), domain antibody (dAb), or single chain variable fragment (scFv). A functional antibody fragment binds to the same antigen as that recognized by the intact (e.g., full-length) antibody. The terms “antibody fragment” or “functional fragment” also include isolated fragments consisting of the variable regions, such as the “Fv” fragments consisting of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains or recombinant single chain polypeptide molecules in which light and heavy variable regions are connected by a peptide linker (“scFv proteins”). In some embodiments, an antibody fragment does not include portions of antibodies without antigen binding activity, such as Fc fragments or single amino acid residues. Exemplary antibody molecules include full-length antibodies and antibody fragments, e.g., dAb (domain antibody), single chain, Fab, Fab′, and F(ab′)2 fragments, and single chain variable fragments (scFvs).

The term “antibody molecule” also encompasses whole or antigen binding fragments of domain, or single domain, antibodies, which can also be referred to as “sdAb” or “VHH.” Domain antibodies comprise either VH or VL that can act as stand-alone, antibody fragments. Additionally, domain antibodies include heavy-chain-only antibodies (HCAbs). Domain antibodies also include a CH2 domain of an IgG as the base scaffold into which CDR loops are grafted. It can also be generally defined as a polypeptide or protein comprising an amino acid sequence that is comprised of four framework regions interrupted by three complementarity determining regions. This is represented as FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4. sdAbs can be produced in camelids such as llamas, but can also be synthetically generated using techniques that are well known in the art. The numbering of the amino acid residues of a sdAb or polypeptide is according to the general numbering for VH domains given by Kabat et al. (“Sequence of proteins of immunological interest,” US Public Health Services, NIH Bethesda, MD, Publication No. 91, which is hereby incorporated by reference). According to this numbering, FR1 of a sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 1-30, CDR1 of a sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 31-36, FR2 of a sdAb comprises the amino acids at positions 36-49, CDR2 of a sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 50-65, FR3 of a sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 66-94, CDR3 of a sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 95-102, and FR4 of a sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 103-113. Domain antibodies are also described in WO2004041862 and WO2016065323, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The domain antibodies can be a targeting moiety as described herein.

As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, “antibody fragment” or “antigen binding fragment” refers to antigen binding fragments of antibodies, i.e. antibody fragments that retain the ability to bind specifically to the antigen bound by the full-length antibody, e.g. fragments that retain one or more CDR regions. Examples of antibody binding fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)₂, and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules, e.g., sc-Fv; nanobodies (single domain antibody) and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.

A “Fab fragment” is comprised of one light chain and the C_(H)1 and variable regions of one heavy chain. The heavy chain of a Fab molecule cannot form a disulfide bond with another heavy chain molecule.

An “Fc” region contains two heavy chain fragments comprising the C_(H)2 and C_(H)3 domains of an antibody. The two heavy chain fragments are held together by two or more disulfide bonds and by hydrophobic interactions of the C_(H)3 domains.

A “Fab′ fragment” contains one light chain and a portion or fragment of one heavy chain that contains the V_(H) domain and the C_(H)1 domain and also the region between the C_(H)1 and C_(H)2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond can be formed between the two heavy chains of two Fab′ fragments to form a F(ab′)₂ molecule.

A “F(ab′)₂ fragment” contains two light chains and two heavy chains containing a portion of the constant region between the C_(H)1 and C_(H)2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond is formed between the two heavy chains. A F(ab′)₂ fragment thus is composed of two Fab′ fragments that are held together by a disulfide bond between the two heavy chains.

The “Fv region” comprises the variable regions from both the heavy and light chains, but lacks the constant regions.

The term “single-chain Fv” or “scFv” antibody refers to antibody fragments comprising the V_(H) and V_(L) domains of an antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Generally, the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the V_(H) and V_(L) domains which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding. For a review of scFv, see Pluckthun (1994) THE PHARMACOLOGY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315. See also, International Patent Application Publication No. WO 88/01649 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946, 778 and 5,260,203.

Antibody molecules can be monospecific (e.g., monovalent or bivalent), bispecific (e.g., bivalent, trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent), trispecific (e.g., trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent), or with higher orders of specificity (e.g, tetraspecific) and/or higher orders of valency beyond hexavalency. An antibody molecule can comprise a functional fragment of a light chain variable region and a functional fragment of a heavy chain variable region, or heavy and light chains may be fused together into a single polypeptide.

Furthermore, antigens can be derived from recombinant or genomic DNA. A skilled artisan will understand that any DNA, which comprises a nucleotide sequences or a partial nucleotide sequence encoding a protein that elicits an immune response therefore encodes an “antigen” as that term is used herein. Furthermore, one skilled in the art will understand that an antigen need not be encoded solely by a full length nucleotide sequence of a gene. Moreover, a skilled artisan will understand that an antigen need not be encoded by a “gene” at all. It is readily apparent that an antigen can be generated synthesized or can be derived from a biological sample. Such a biological sample can include, but is not limited to a tissue sample, a tumor sample, a cell or a biological fluid.

In certain embodiments, monoclonal antibodies herein also include camelized single domain antibodies. See, e.g., Muyldermans et al. (2001) Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:230; Reichmann et al. (1999) J. Immunol. Methods 231:25; WO 94/04678; WO 94/25591; U.S. Pat. No. 6,005,079). In one embodiment, the present invention provides single domain antibodies comprising two V_(H) domains with modifications such that single domain antibodies are formed.

As used herein, the term “diabodies” refers to small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a heavy chain variable domain (V_(H)) connected to a light chain variable domain (V_(L)) in the same polypeptide chain (V_(H)-V_(L) or V_(L)-V_(H)). By using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies are described more fully in, e.g., EP 404,097; WO 93/11161; and Holliger et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448. For a review of engineered antibody variants generally see Holliger and Hudson (2005) Nat. Biotechnol. 23:1126-1136.

“Isolated antibody” refers to the purification status of a binding compound and in such context means the molecule is substantially free of other biological molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or other material such as cellular debris and growth media. Generally, the term “isolated” is not intended to refer to a complete absence of such material or to an absence of water, buffers, or salts, unless they are present in amounts that substantially interfere with experimental or therapeutic use of the binding compound as described herein.

The term “monoclonal antibody”, as used herein, refers to population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the antibody molecules comprising the population are identical in amino acid sequence except for possible naturally occurring mutations and/or post-translational modifications that may be present in minor amounts. In contrast, conventional (polyclonal) antibody preparations typically include a multitude of different antibodies having different amino acid sequences in their variable domains, particularly their CDRs, that are often specific for different epitopes. The modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies to be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al. (1975) Nature 256: 495, or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567). The “monoclonal antibodies” may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al. (1991) Nature 352: 624-628 and Marks et al. (1991) J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597, for example. See also Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731.

As used herein, the term “humanized antibody” refers to forms of antibodies that contain sequences from both human and non-human (e.g., murine, rat) antibodies. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin, and all or substantially all of the framework (FR) regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized antibody may optionally comprise at least a portion of a human immunoglobulin constant region (Fc).

The term “fully human antibody” refers to an antibody that comprises human immunoglobulin protein sequences only. A fully human antibody may contain murine carbohydrate chains if produced in a mouse, in a mouse cell, or in a hybridoma derived from a mouse cell. Similarly, “mouse antibody” refers to an antibody that comprises mouse immunoglobulin sequences only. Alternatively, a fully human antibody may contain rat carbohydrate chains if produced in a rat, in a rat cell, or in a hybridoma derived from a rat cell. Similarly, “rat antibody” refers to an antibody that comprises rat immunoglobulin sequences only.

In some embodiments, the basic antibody structural unit comprises a tetramer. Each tetramer includes two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one “light” (about 25 kDa) and one “heavy” chain (about 50-70 kDa). The amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The carboxy-terminal portion of the heavy chain may define a constant region primarily responsible for effector function. Typically, human light chains are classified as kappa and lambda light chains. Furthermore, human heavy chains are typically classified as mu, delta, gamma, alpha, or epsilon, and define the antibody’s isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively. Within light and heavy chains, the variable and constant regions are joined by a “J” region of about 12 or more amino acids, with the heavy chain also including a “D” region of about 10 more amino acids. See generally, Fundamental Immunology Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989).

The variable regions of each light/heavy chain pair form the antibody binding site. Thus, in general, an intact antibody has two binding sites. However, in bifunctional or bispecific antibodies, the two binding sites are, in general, not the same.

Typically, the variable domains of both the heavy and light chains comprise three hypervariable regions, also called complementarity determining regions (CDRs), located within relatively conserved framework regions (FR). The CDRs are usually aligned by the framework regions, enabling binding to a specific epitope. In general, from N-terminal to C-terminal, both light and heavy chains variable domains comprise FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3 and FR4. The assignment of amino acids to each domain is, generally, in accordance with the definitions of Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Kabat, et al.; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. ; 5^(th) ed.; NIH Publ. No. 91-3242 (1991); Kabat (1978) Adv. Prot. Chem. 32:1-75; Kabat, et al., (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616; Chothia, et al., (1987) J Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 or Chothia, et al., (1989) Nature 342:878-883.

As used herein, the term “hypervariable region” refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody that are responsible for antigen-binding. The hypervariable region comprises amino acid residues from a “complementarity determining region” or “CDR” (i.e. residues 24-34 (CDRL1), 50-56 (CDRL2) and 89-97 (CDRL3) in the light chain variable domain and residues 31-35 (CDRH1), 50-65 (CDRH2) and 95-102 (CDRH3) in the heavy chain variable domain; Kabat et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.) and/or those residues from a “hypervariable loop” (i.e. residues 26-32 (CDRL1), 50-52 (CDRL2) and 91-96 (CDRL3) in the light chain variable domain and 26-32 (CDRH1), 53-55 (CDRH2) and 96-101 (CDRH3) in the heavy chain variable domain; Chothia and Lesk (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917). The CDRs can also be referenced according to the IMGT system for the identification of CDRs, which is described in Lefranc MP. Unique database numbering system for immunogenetic analysis. Immunol Today (1997) 18:509. As used herein, the term “framework” or “FR” residues refers to those variable domain residues other than the hypervariable region residues defined herein as CDR residues. CDRs provide the majority of contact residues for the binding of the antibody to the antigen or epitope. CDRs of interest can be derived from donor antibody variable heavy and light chain sequences, and include analogs of the naturally occurring CDRs, which analogs also share or retain the same antigen binding specificity and/or neutralizing ability as the donor antibody from which they were derived.

As used herein, “specific binding” or “immunospecific binding” or “binds immunospecifically” refer to antibody binding to a predetermined antigen at a much higher affinity than for another antigen(s). In some embodiments, the antibody binds the predetermined antigen with a dissociation constant (K_(D)) of 10⁻⁷ M or less, and such K_(D) is at least two-fold less than its K_(D) for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein, or another non-specific polypeptide).

Methods for determining mAb specificity and affinity by competitive inhibition can be found in Harlow, et al., Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1988), Colligan et al., eds., Current Protocols in Immunology, Greene Publishing Assoc. and Wiley Interscience, N.Y., (1992, 1993), and Muller, Meth. Enzymol. 92:589 601 (1983), which references are entirely incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein, the term “individual” or “subject,” or “patient” used interchangeably, means any animal, including mammals, such as mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, such as humans. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. A subject that is “in need thereof” refers to a subject that has been identified as requiring treatment for the condition that is to be treated and is treated with the specific intent of treating such condition. The conditions can be, for example, any of the conditions described herein.

As used herein, the terms “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise”, “comprises”, and “comprised”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”), or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”), are inclusive or openended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. Any step or composition that uses the transitional phrase of “comprise” or “comprising” can also be said to describe the same with the transitional phase of “consisting of” or “consists.”

As used herein, the term “contacting” means bringing together of two elements in an in vitro system or an in vivo system. For example, “contacting” virus or vector described herein with an individual or patient or cell includes the administration of the virus to an individual or patient, such as a human, as well as, for example, introducing a compound into a sample containing a cellular or purified preparation containing the cell.

As used herein, the term “fused” or “linked” when used in reference to a protein having different domains or heterologous sequences means that the protein domains are part of the same peptide chain that are connected to one another with either peptide bonds or other covalent bonding. The domains or section can be linked or fused directly to one another or another domain or peptide sequence can be between the two domains or sequences and such sequences would still be considered to be fused or linked to one another. In some embodiments, the various domains or proteins provided for herein are linked or fused directly to one another or a linker sequences, such as the glycine/serine sequences described herein link the two domains together.

A “disease” is a state of health of an animal wherein the animal cannot maintain homeostasis, and wherein if the disease is not ameliorated then the animal’s health continues to deteriorate. In contrast, a “disorder” in an animal is a state of health in which the animal is able to maintain homeostasis, but in which the animal’s state of health is less favorable than it would be in the absence of the disorder. Left untreated, a disorder does not necessarily cause a further decrease in the animal’s state of health.

“Effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” are used interchangeably herein, and refer to an amount of a compound, formulation, material, or composition, as described herein effective to achieve a particular biological result or provides a therapeutic or prophylactic benefit. Such results may include, but are not limited to an amount that when administered to a mammal, causes a detectable level of immune cell activation compared to the immune cell activation detected in the absence of the composition. The immune response can be readily assessed by a plethora of art-recognized methods. The skilled artisan would understand that the amount of the composition administered herein varies and can be readily determined based on a number of factors such as the disease or condition being treated, the age and health and physical condition of the mammal being treated, the severity of the disease, the particular compound being administered, and the like.

“Encoding” refers to the inherent property of specific sequences of nucleotides in a polynucleotide, such as a gene, a cDNA, or an mRNA, to serve as templates for synthesis of other polymers and macromolecules in biological processes having either a defined sequence of nucleotides (i.e., rRNA, tRNA and mRNA) or a defined sequence of amino acids and the biological properties resulting therefrom. Thus, a gene encodes a protein if transcription and translation of mRNA corresponding to that gene produces the protein in a cell or other biological system. Both the coding strand, the nucleotide sequence of which is identical to the mRNA sequence and is usually provided in sequence listings, and the non-coding strand, used as the template for transcription of a gene or cDNA, can be referred to as encoding the protein or other product of that gene or cDNA.

“Expression vector” refers to a vector comprising a recombinant polynucleotide comprising expression control sequences operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence to be expressed. An expression vector comprises sufficient cis-acting elements for expression; other elements for expression can be supplied by the host cell or in an in vitro expression system. Expression vectors include all those known in the art, such as cosmids, plasmids (e.g., naked or contained in liposomes) and viruses (e.g., Sendai viruses, lentiviruses, retroviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses) that incorporate the recombinant polynucleotide.

As used herein, the phrase “ex vivo” in reference to a cell being transduced, transfected or transformed ex vivo, refers to a cell being transduced, transfected or transformed outside of the subject, that is with the cells being removed from the subject before such cells are transduced, transfected or transformed.

“Identity” as used herein refers to the subunit sequence identity between two polymeric molecules such as between two nucleic acid or amino acid molecules, such as, between two polynucleotide or polypeptide molecules. When two amino acid sequences have the same residues at the same positions; e.g., if a position in each of two polypeptide molecules is occupied by an Arginine, then they are identical at that position. The identity or extent to which two amino acid or two nucleic acid sequences have the same residues at the same positions in an alignment is often expressed as a percentage. The identity between two amino acid or two nucleic acid sequences is a direct function of the number of matching or identical positions; e.g., if half of the positions in two sequences are identical, the two sequences are 50% identical; if 90% of the positions (e.g., 9 of 10), are matched or identical, the two amino acids sequences are 90% identical.

By “substantially identical” is meant a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule exhibiting at least 50% identity to a reference amino acid sequence (for example, any one of the amino acid sequences described herein) or nucleic acid sequence (for example, any one of the nucleic acid sequences described herein). In some embodiments, such a sequence is at least 60%, 80% or 85%, or 90%, 95% or even 99% identical at the amino acid level or nucleic acid to the sequence used for comparison. Other percentages of identity in reference to specific sequences are described herein.

Sequence identity can be measured/determined using sequence analysis software (for example, Sequence Analysis Software Package of the Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, Wis. 53705, BLAST, BESTFIT, GAP, or PILEUP/PRETTYBOX programs). Such software matches identical or similar sequences by assigning degrees of homology to various substitutions, deletions, and/or other modifications. Conservative substitutions typically include substitutions within the following groups: glycine, alanine; valine, isoleucine, leucine; aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine; serine, threonine; lysine, arginine; and phenylalanine, tyrosine. In an exemplary approach to determining the degree of identity, a BLAST program may be used, with a probability score between e3 and e100 indicating a closely related sequence. In some embodiments, sequence identity is determined by using BLAST with the default settings.

To the extent embodiments provided for herein, includes composition comprising various proteins, these proteins may, in some instances, comprise amino acid sequences that have sequence identity to the amino acid sequences disclosed herein. Therefore, in certain embodiments, depending on the particular sequence, the degree of sequence identity is preferably greater than 50% (e.g. 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more) to the SEQ ID NOs disclosed herein. In addition to these percentages, other percentages of identity are provided for herein. Identity between polypeptides can be determined by the Smith-Waterman homology search algorithm as implemented in the MPSRCH program (Oxford Molecular), using an affine gap search with parameters gap open penalty - 12 and gap extension penalty = 1.

These proteins may, compared to the disclosed proteins, include one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.) conservative amino acid replacements i.e. replacements of one amino acid with another which has a related side chain. Genetically-encoded amino acids are generally divided into four families: (1) acidic i.e. aspartate, glutamate; (2) basic i.e. lysine, arginine, histidine; (3) non polar i.e. alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan; and (4) uncharged polar i.e. glycine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, serine, threonine, tyrosine. Phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are sometimes classified jointly as aromatic amino acids. In general, Substitution of single amino acids within these families does not have a major effect on the biological activity. The proteins may have one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.) single amino acid deletions relative to the disclosed protein sequences. The proteins may also include one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.) insertions (e.g. each of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acids) relative to the disclosed protein sequences.

As used herein, the phrase “in vivo” in reference to a cell being transduced, transfected or transformed in vivo, refers to a cell being transduced, transfected or transformed in the subject without the cells being removed from the subject before such cells are transduced, transfected or transformed.

“Isolated” means altered or removed from the natural state. For example, a nucleic acid or a peptide naturally present in a living animal is not “isolated,” but the same nucleic acid or peptide partially or completely separated from the coexisting materials of its natural state is “isolated.” An isolated nucleic acid or protein can exist in substantially purified form, or can exist in a non-native environment such as, for example, a host cell.

A “lentivirus” as used herein refers to a genus of the Retroviridae family that is able to infect non-dividing cells. Non-limiting examples of lentiviruses are HIV, SIV, and FIV. Vectors or viral-like particles derived from lentiviruses can be used to transduce cells and deliver genes or other molecules and have them expressed in a cell either in vitro (ex-vivo) or in vivo.

By the term “modified” as used herein, is meant a changed state or structure of a molecule or cell as provided herein. Molecules may be modified in many ways, including chemically, structurally, and functionally, such as mutations, substitutions, insertions, or deletions (e.g. internal deletions truncations). Cells may be modified through the introduction of nucleic acids or the expression of heterologous proteins.

By the term “modulating,” as used herein, is meant mediating an increase or decrease in the level of a response in a subject compared with the level of a response in the subject in the absence of a treatment or compound, and/or compared with the level of a response in an otherwise identical but untreated subject. The term encompasses perturbing and/or affecting a native signal or response thereby mediating a beneficial therapeutic response in a subject, such as, a human.

As used herein, the following abbreviations for the commonly occurring nucleic acid bases are used: “A” refers to adenosine, “C” refers to cytosine, “G” refers to guanosine, “T” refers to thymidine, and “U” refers to uridine.

Unless otherwise specified, a “nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence” includes all nucleotide sequences that are degenerate versions of each other and that encode the same amino acid sequence. The phrase nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein or an RNA may also include introns to the extent that the nucleotide sequence encoding the protein may in some version contain an intron(s).

The “Nipah virus” (NiV) is member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. Nipah virus is an enveloped virus with negative-stranded polarity and a non-segmented RNA genome consisting of helical nucleocapsids. Two strains of Nipah virus include, but are not limited to, the Malaysian (MY) and the Bangladesh (BD) strains.

The term “oligonucleotide” typically refers to short polynucleotides. It will be understood that when a nucleotide sequence is represented by a DNA sequence (i.e., A, T, C, G), this also provides the corresponding RNA sequence (i.e., A, U, C, G) in which “U” replaces “T.”

“Parenteral” administration of a composition includes, e.g., subcutaneous (s.c.), intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), or intrasternal injection, or infusion techniques.

The term “polynucleotide” as used herein is defined as a chain of nucleotides. Furthermore, nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. Thus, the terms “nucleic acids” and “polynucleotides” as used herein are interchangeable. As used herein polynucleotides include, but are not limited to, all nucleic acid sequences which are obtained by any methods available in the art, including, without limitation, recombinant methods, i.e., the cloning of nucleic acid sequences from a recombinant library or a cell genome, using cloning technology and PCR, and the like, and by synthetic means.

As used herein, the terms “peptide,” “polypeptide,” and “protein” are used interchangeably, and refer to a compound comprised of a plurality of amino acid residues covalently linked by peptide bonds. As used herein, the term refers to both short chains, which also commonly are referred to in the art as peptides, oligopeptides and oligomers, for example, and to longer chains, which generally are referred to in the art as proteins, of which there are many types. “Polypeptides” include, for example, biologically active fragments, substantially homologous polypeptides, oligopeptides, homodimers, heterodimers, variants of polypeptides, modified polypeptides, derivatives, analogs, fusion proteins, among others. The polypeptides include natural peptides, recombinant peptides, synthetic peptides, or a combination thereof.

The term “pseudotyped” or “pseudotyped viral particle”, as used herein, refers to a viral particle bearing glycoproteins derived from other viruses having envelopes or a viral vector encoding envelope glycoproteins from a virus that is different from the parental virus. The host range of the vector particles can thus be expanded or altered depending on the type of cell surface receptor used by the glycoprotein. For example, a virus can be pseudotyped with a VSV-G mutant protein as provided for herein or other virus glycoproteins, such as those provided for herein.

By the term “specifically binds,” as used herein with respect to an antibody, is meant an antibody which recognizes a specific antigen, but does not substantially recognize or bind other molecules in a sample. For example, an antibody that specifically binds to an antigen from one species may also bind to that antigen from one or more species. But, such cross-species reactivity does not itself alter the classification of an antibody as specific. In another example, an antibody that specifically binds to an antigen may also bind to different allelic forms of the antigen. However, such cross reactivity does not itself alter the classification of an antibody as specific. In some instances, the terms “specific binding” or “specifically binding,” can be used in reference to the interaction of an antibody, a protein, or a peptide with a second chemical species, to mean that the interaction is dependent upon the presence of a particular structure (e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope) on the chemical species; for example, an antibody recognizes and binds to a specific protein structure rather than to proteins generally. If an antibody is specific for epitope “A”, the presence of a molecule containing epitope A (or free, unlabeled A), in a reaction containing labeled “A” and the antibody, will reduce the amount of labeled A bound to the antibody. In some embodiments, the targeting moieties described herein that can be used to target the viral particles comprising the mutant VSV-G protein can specifically bind to their target.

The term “subject” includes living organisms, including those in which an immune response can be elicited (e.g., mammals). A “subject” or “patient,” as used therein, may be a human or non-human mammal. Non-human mammals include, for example, livestock and pets, such as ovine, bovine, porcine, canine, non-human primates, feline and murine mammals. In some embodiments, the subject is human.

The term “therapeutic” as used herein means a treatment and/or prophylaxis. A therapeutic effect is obtained by suppression, remission, or eradication of a disease state.

The term “transfected” or “transformed” or “transduced” as used herein refers to a process by which exogenous nucleic acid is transferred or introduced into a cell. A “transfected” or “transformed” or “transduced” cell is one which has been transfected, transformed or transduced with exogenous nucleic acid. The cell includes the primary subject cell and its progeny. In some embodiments, the transfection, transformation, or transduction is performed or occurs in vivo.

To “treat” a disease as the term is used herein, means to reduce the frequency or severity of at least one sign or symptom of a disease or disorder experienced by a subject. As used herein, “inhibit” or “treat” or “treatment” also includes a postponement of development of the symptoms associated with a disorder and/or a reduction in the severity of the symptoms of such disorder. The terms further include ameliorating existing uncontrolled or unwanted symptoms, preventing additional symptoms, and ameliorating or preventing the underlying causes of such symptoms. Thus, the terms denote that a beneficial result has been conferred on a vertebrate subject with a disorder, disease or symptom, or with the potential to develop such a disorder, disease or symptom.

A “vector” is a composition of matter which comprises an isolated nucleic acid encoding a protein or a peptide. Numerous vectors are known in the art including, but not limited to, linear polynucleotides, plasmids, DNA, and RNA. Examples of viral vectors include, but are not limited to, Sendai viral vectors, adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors, retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, and the like.

A “carrier” or “delivery vehicle” includes viral particles, viruses, polylysine compounds, and liposomes, which facilitate transfer of nucleic acid into cells. A carrier or delivery vehicle can also be used to deliver a protein or peptide to a cell.

Ranges: throughout this disclosure, various aspects of the embodiments can be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 2.7, 3, 4, 5, 5.3, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range. Unless otherwise explicitly stated to the contrary, a range that is disclosed also includes the endpoints of the range.

Without being bound to any particular theory, the embodiments provided for herein have been found to show that a mutant VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 182 can be used to pseudotype a virus and transduce a cell when the virus comprises a targeting moiety. This mutation inhibits or reduces the VSV-G affinity to its natural co-receptor, the LDL-R. The mutant VSV-G proteins as provided can be used, in some embodiments, to transduce a target cell and deliver a heterologous molecule to the targeted cells.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein is provided that comprises a mutation at position 198 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 1 or at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. SEQ ID NO: 1 is the full length protein and SEQ ID NO: 2 is the ectodomain of the VSV-G protein. The 16-mer signal peptide of MKCLLYLAFLFIGVNC (SEQ ID NO: 26) as shown at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 is cleaved leaving a protein of SEQ ID NO: 2. Thus, although a mutation may be referred to in the context of SEQ ID NO: 2, it should be understood to also be made in the context of SEQ ID NO: 1, which contains the leader sequence, and thus would be a position number that is 16 more than the position recited for SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation inhibits or decreases the binding of the VSV-G protein to the LDL receptor (LDL-R). In some embodiments, the mutation is a I182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation is a I182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein is provided that comprises a mutation at position 198 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 10 or at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11. SEQ ID NO: 10 is the full length protein and SEQ ID NO: 11 is the ectodomain of the VSV-G protein. The 16-mer signal peptide of MLSYLIFALVVSPILG (SEQ ID NO: 27) as shown at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 10 is cleaved leaving a protein of SEQ ID NO: 11. Thus, although a mutation may be referred to in the context of SEQ ID NO: 11, it should be understood to also be made in the context of SEQ ID NO: 10, which contains the leader sequence, and thus would be a position number that is 16 more than the position recited for SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the mutation inhibits or decreases the binding of the VSV-G protein to the LDL receptor (LDL-R). In some embodiments, the mutation is a T182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the mutation is a T182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein is provided that comprises a mutation at position 198 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 12 or at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13. SEQ ID NO: 12 is the full length protein and SEQ ID NO: 13 is the ectodomain of the VSV-G protein. The 16-mer signal peptide of MLRLFLFCFLALGAHS (SEQ ID NO: 28) as shown at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 12 is cleaved leaving a protein of SEQ ID NO: 13. Thus, although a mutation may be referred to in the context of SEQ ID NO: 13, it should be understood to also be made in the context of SEQ ID NO: 12, which contains the leader sequence, and thus would be a position number that is 16 more than the position recited for SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the mutation inhibits or decreases the binding of the VSV-G protein to the LDL receptor (LDL-R). In some embodiments, the mutation is a A182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the mutation is a A182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein is provided that comprises a mutation at position 203 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 14 or at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15. SEQ ID NO: 14 is the full length protein and SEQ ID NO: 15 is the ectodomain of the VSV-G protein. The 21-mer signal peptide of MKMKMVIAGLILCIGILPAIG (SEQ ID NO: 29) as shown at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 14 is cleaved leaving a protein of SEQ ID NO: 15. Thus, although a mutation may be referred to in the context of SEQ ID NO: 15, it should be understood to also be made in the context of SEQ ID NO: 14, which contains the leader sequence, and thus would be a position number that is 21 more than the position recited for SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the mutation inhibits or decreases the binding of the VSV-G protein to the LDL receptor (LDL-R). In some embodiments, the mutation is a V182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the mutation is a V182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein is provided that comprises a mutation at position 199 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 16 or at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17. SEQ ID NO: 16 is the full length protein and SEQ ID NO: 17 is the ectodomain of the VSV-G protein. The 17-mer signal peptide of MTPAFILCMLLAGSSWA (SEQ ID NO: 30) as shown at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 16 is cleaved leaving a protein of SEQ ID NO: 17. Thus, although a mutation may be referred to in the context of SEQ ID NO: 17, it should be understood to also be made in the context of SEQ ID NO: 16, which contains the leader sequence, and thus would be a position number that is 17 more than the position recited for SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, the mutation inhibits or decreases the binding of the VSV-G protein to the LDL receptor (LDL-R). In some embodiments, the mutation is a V182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, the mutation is a V182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein is provided that comprises a mutation at position 199 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 18 or at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19. SEQ ID NO: 18 is the full length protein and SEQ ID NO: 19 is the ectodomain of the VSV-G protein. The 17-mer signal peptide of MNFLLLTFIVLPLCSHA (SEQ ID NO: 31) as shown at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 18 is cleaved leaving a protein of SEQ ID NO: 19. Thus, although a mutation may be referred to in the context of SEQ ID NO: 19, it should be understood to also be made in the context of SEQ ID NO: 18, which contains the leader sequence, and thus would be a position number that is 17 more than the position recited for SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, the mutation inhibits or decreases the binding of the VSV-G protein to the LDL receptor (LDL-R). In some embodiments, the mutation is a V182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, the mutation is a V182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein is provided that comprises a mutation at position 199 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 20 or at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21. SEQ ID NO: 20 is the full length protein and SEQ ID NO: 21 is the ectodomain of the VSV-G protein. The 17-mer signal peptide of MLVLYLLLSLLALGAQC (SEQ ID NO: 32) as shown at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 20 is cleaved leaving a protein of SEQ ID NO: 21. Thus, although a mutation may be referred to in the context of SEQ ID NO: 21, it should be understood to also be made in the context of SEQ ID NO: 20, which contains the leader sequence, and thus would be a position number that is 17 more than the position recited for SEQ ID NO: 21. In some embodiments, the mutation inhibits or decreases the binding of the VSV-G protein to the LDL receptor (LDL-R). In some embodiments, the mutation is a I182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21. In some embodiments, the mutation is a I182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21.

As used herein, when a polypeptide is said to have a mutation as compared to a reference sequence, such comparison is based on an alignment such as using BlastP or ClustalW or ClutalOmega alignment software using default parameters. For example, position 182 can be found in SEQ ID NO: 2 and also as compared to the other strains as illustrated in FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 illustrates a clustal alignment of the wild-type sequences of the ectodomains of the various strains of the VSV-G protein. The residue that is bolded and underlined are the residues that align to position 182 of SEQ ID NO: 2 of the various strains. SEQ ID NO: 2 refers to ectodomain of the VSV-G protein of the Indiana strain. SEQ ID NO: 11 refers to ectodomain of the VSV-G protein of the New Jersey strain. SEQ ID NO: 13 refers to ectodomain of the VSV-G protein of the Marraba strain. SEQ ID NO: 15 refers to ectodomain of the VSV-G protein of the Carajas strain. SEQ ID NO: 17 refers to ectodomain of the VSV-G protein of the Alagoa strain. SEQ ID NO: 19 refers to ectodomain of the VSV-G protein of the Cocal strain. SEQ ID NO: 21 refers to ectodomain of the VSV-G protein of the Morreton strain. Accordingly, the residue that aligns to residues 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 can also be mutated as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 is not an alanine. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 is not a valine.

In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 is I182S, I182H, I182T, I182Q, or I182N. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11 is T182S, T182H, T182Q, or T182N. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13 is A182S, A182H, A182T, A182Q, or A182N. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15 is V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17 is V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19 is V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21 is 1182S, I182H, 1182T, 1182Q, or I182N. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 is not a hydrophobic residue. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 is a charged residue. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 is a negatively charged residue.

Although, the mutations may be described in reference to SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, which is the VSV-G protein from the Indiana strain, the mutation can also be used in other strains of the VSV-G protein. For example, the mutation can be made in the New Jersey Strain of VSV-G, the Marraba strain of VSV-G, the Carajas strain of VSV-G, the Alagoa strain of VSV-G, the Cocal strain of VSV-G, or the Morreton strain of VSV-G. In some embodiments, the sequences of each are as provided herein. Examples of these can be found, for example in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20200216502, which is hereby incorporated by reference. For example, the wild-type full length or ectodomain of the New Jersey Strain of VSV-G are SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11, respectively, the wild-type full length or ectodomain of Marraba strain of VSV-G are SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13, respectively, the wild-type full length or ectodomain of Carajas strain of VSV-G are SEQ ID NO: 14 and SEQ ID NO: 15, respectively, the wild-type full length or ectodomain of Alagoa strain of VSV-G are SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17, respectively, the wild-type full length or ectodomain of Cocal strain of VSV-G are SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19, respectively, or the wild-type full length or ectodomain of Morreton strain of VSV-G are SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21, respectively.

A VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 can also comprise other mutations, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2020/0216502, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except Y. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except H. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except Q. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except Y or H or Q. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, valine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, or tryptophan. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is selected from 8A, 8I, 8V, 8L, and the like. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is selected from H8A, H8I, H8V, H8L, and the like.

In some embodiments, the substitution at position 209 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except H. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 209 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except Y. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 209 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except H or Y. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 209 is selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, valine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, or tryptophan.

In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except K. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except R. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except K or R. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, valine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, or tyrosine. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is selected from A, G, F, N, or Q. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is selected from Q or N.

In some embodiments, the substitution at position 354 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except K. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 354 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except R. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 354 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except K or R. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 354 is selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, valine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, or tyrosine. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 354 is selected from A, G, F, N, or Q.

In some embodiments, the substitution is at position 47 or at position 354, or at both positions 47 and 354 are, independently, substituted by A, G, F, N or Q. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 or at position 354, or at both positions 47 and 354 is, independently, A or Q or N.

In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein, at position 47 as provided for herein, at position 209 as provided for herein, and/or position 354 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein and at position 47 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein and at position 209 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein and at position 354 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 47 as provided for herein and at position 209 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 47 as provided for herein and at position 354 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 209 as provided for herein and at position 354 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein, at position 47 as provided for herein, and position 209 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein, at position 47 as provided for herein, and position 354 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein, at position 209 as provided for herein, and position 354 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 47 as provided for herein, at position 209 as provided for herein, and position 354 as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to position 8 as provided for herein, at position 47 as provided for herein, at position 209 as provided for herein, and at position 354 as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is an alanine, i.e., H8A.

In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is Q or N or A, i.e., K47Q or K47N or K47A.

In some embodiments, the protein comprises a substitution at position 8 and/or a substitution at position 47. In some embodiments, the protein comprises a substitution at position 8 and a substitution at position 47. In some embodiments, the protein comprises a substitution at position 8 or a substitution at position 47. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 and/or a substitution at position 47 comprises a H8A and/or K47Q mutation.

In some embodiments, the protein comprises a mutation (substitution) at position 10. In some embodiments, the substitution/mutation is Q10A, Q10R, or Q10K.

In some non-limiting embodiments, the substitution at position 209 is A, i.e., Y209A.

In some non-limiting embodiments, the substitution at position 354 is A or Q, i.e. R354A or R354Q.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11 can also comprise other mutations, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2020/0216502. For example, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation in SEQ ID NO: 11 at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13 can also comprise other mutations, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2020/0216502. For example, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation in SEQ ID NO: 13 at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15 can also comprise other mutations, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2020/0216502. For example, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation in SEQ ID NO: 15 at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17 can also comprise other mutations, such as those described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0216502. For example, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation in SEQ ID NO: 17 at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19 can also comprise other mutations, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2020/0216502. For example, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation in SEQ ID NO: 19 at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21 can also comprise other mutations, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2020/0216502. For example, the VSV-G protein can comprise a mutation at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation in SEQ ID NO: 21 at a position analogous to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 (or SEQ ID NO: 1 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the protein is at least, or about, 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the protein is at least, or about, 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the protein is at least, or about, 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the protein is at least, or about, 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 182 is I182D or I182E mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is I182D. In some embodiments, the mutation is I182E mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is 1182S, 1182H, 1182T, 1182Q, or I182N mutation.

In some embodiments, a VSV-G is provided wherein the protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 with a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11 (or SEQ ID NO: 10 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a T182D or T182E mutation. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a T182S, T182H, T182Q, or T182N mutation.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13 (or SEQ ID NO: 12 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a A182D or A182E mutation. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a A182S, A182H, A182T, A182Q, or A182N mutation.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15 (or SEQ ID NO: 14 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a V182D or V182E mutation. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N mutation.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17 (or SEQ ID NO: 16 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a V182D or V182E mutation. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N mutation.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19 (or SEQ ID NO: 18 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a V182D or V182E mutation. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N mutation.

In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21 (or SEQ ID NO: 20 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a I182D or I182E mutation. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a I182S, 1182H, 1182T, 1182Q, or I182N mutation.

Viral Particles

The mutant VSV-G proteins can be used, for example, to pseudotype a virus, such as, but not limited to a lentivirus. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a viral particle comprising a mutant VSV-G protein as provided herein are provided. In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 198 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 18%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 (or SEQ ID NO: 1 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a I182D or I182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a 1182S, 1182H, 1182T, I182Q, or I182N mutation.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 198 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11 (or SEQ ID NO: 10 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a T182D or T182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a T182S, T182H, T182Q, or T182N mutation.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 198 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13 (or SEQ ID NO: 12 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a A182D or A182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a A182S, A182H, A182T, A182Q, or A182N mutation.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 203 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15 (or SEQ ID NO: 14 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a V182D or V182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N mutation.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 199 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 16. In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17 (or SEQ ID NO: 16 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a V182D or V182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N mutation.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 199 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19 (or SEQ ID NO: 18 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a V182D or V182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a V182S, V182H, V182T, V182Q, or V182N mutation.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a VSV-G protein comprising a mutation at position 199 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 20. In some embodiments, a protein comprising a mutation at position 182 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21 comprises a mutation at position 182 and at least, or about, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21 (or SEQ ID NO: 20 if using the full length protein). In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a I182D or I182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 21. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a I182S, 1182H, 1182T, 1182Q, or I182N mutation.

In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein further comprises a mutation at position that corresponds to positions 214 and/or 352 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the residue that corresponds to position 214 of SEQ ID NO: 2 is T214. In some embodiments, the residue that corresponds to position 352 of SEQ ID NO: is T352. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises mutation that corresponds to T214N mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises mutation that corresponds to T352A mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a T214N and T352A mutations as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. These mutations can be combined with any other mutations as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the T214N and/or T352A mutations are combined with the I182E or I182D mutations. In some embodiments, a VSV-G protein comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and SEQ ID NO: 23, which combines the I182D or I182E, respectively, with the T214N and T352A mutations. The sequences are also illustrated below with the leader sequences, which are removed during protein processing.

VSV-G Protein_ I196D, T230N and T368A mutations (with leader sequence and adjusted numbering)

MKCLLYLAFLFIGVNCKFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHN DLIGTALQVKMPKSHKAIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRS FTPSVEQCKESIEQTKQGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHV LVDEYTGEWVDSQFINGKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLDSM DITFFSEDGELSSLGKEGTGFRSNYFAYENGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSG VWFEMADKDLFAAARFPECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLC QETWSKIRAGLPISPVDLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVD IAAPILSRMVGMISGTTAERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPL YMIGHGMLDSDLHLSSKAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNP IELVEGWFSSWKSSIASFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQI YTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ ID NO: 24)

VSV-G Protein_I182D, T214N and T352A mutations (without leader sequence)

KFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLDSMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYENGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TAERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 22)

VSV-G Protein with I196E, T230N and T368A mutations (with leader sequence and adjusted numbering)

MKCLLYLAFLFIGVNCKFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHN DLIGTALQVKMPKSHKAIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRS FTPSVEQCKESIEQTKQGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHV LVDEYTGEWVDSQFINGKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLESM DITFFSEDGELSSLGKEGTGFRSNYFAYENGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSG VWFEMADKDLFAAARFPECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLC QETWSKIRAGLPISPVDLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVD IAAPILSRMVGMISGTTAERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPL YMIGHGMLDSDLHLSSKAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNP IELVEGWFSSWKSSIASFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQI YTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ ID NO: 25)

VSV-G Protein with I182E, T214N and T352A mutations (without leader sequences)

KFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLESMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYENGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TAERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 23)

The other strains of the VSV-G protein as described herein can also comprises the mutations that correspond to T214N and/or T352A in SEQ ID NO: 2 and as illustrated in SEQ ID NO: 22 and SEQ ID NO: 23.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises a mutation as described in Hwang et al., Gene Ther 2013 Aug;20(8):807-15. (Epub 2013 Jan 31), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, the mutations can be at positions 230, 368, 66, and/or 162 that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 1. The positions will be 16 positions less as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2, when the leader sequence is removed. In some embodiments, the mutations at those positions are, for example, T230N, T368A, K66T, S162T, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises a T230N and a T368A mutation. In some embodiments, the VSV-G polypeptide comprises a K66T, S162T, T230N, and a T368A. These positions are those that correspond to the positions in the full length protein (SEQ ID NO: 1). In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein comprises T230N mutation, a T368A mutation, a K66T mutation, a S162T mutation, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the VSV-G protein further comprises one or more mutations in addition to the mutation that corresponds to position 182 of SEQ ID NO: 2, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 20200216502, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, the VSV-G protein can further comprise a mutation at a position that corresponds to positions of 8, 47, 209 and/or 354 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except Y. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 209 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except H. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except K or R. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 354 is by any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, except K or R. In some embodiments, the substitution is at position 47 or at position 354, or at both positions 47 and 354 are substituted by A, G, F or Q. In some embodiments, the substitution is A or Q. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 8 is an alanine, i.e., H8A. In some embodiments, the substitution at position 47 is Q or N, i.e., K47Q or K47N. In some embodiments, the protein comprises a mutation (substitution) at position 10. In some embodiments, the substitution/mutation is Q10A, Q10R, or Q10K.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprises a targeting moiety. The targeting moiety can be used to target the viral particle comprising the mutant VSV-G protein to a cell that expresses the target to which the targeting moiety binds to. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is an antibody, a scFv antibody, an antigen binding domain, an ankyrin repeat (e.g., DARPIN), a VHH domain antibody, a nanobody, single domain antibody, a FN3 domain, or any combination thereof. The targeting moiety can be attached to the viral surface through an IgG Fc stalk. In some embodiments, the stalk comprises a transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises a CD8 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises a CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is attached (fused or linked) an envelope glycoprotein G or H of a virus of the Paramyxoviridae family, such as a morbillivirus, such as Measles virus, or a henipavirus, such as Nipah virus, Cedar virus, or Hendra virus. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be attached (fused or linked) to a glycoprotein of a virus of the Rhabdoviridae family, such as a vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus, a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus, a vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus, a vesicular stromatitis Maraba virus, a vesicular stomatitis Carajas virus, Parainfluenza virus, Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus isolate Sf G, Drosophila obscura sigmavirus 10A, Wuhan insect virus 7, Perch virus, or Spring viremia of carp virus. In some embodiments, the VSV protein is the mutated proteins, such as those provided for herein. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is attached to a glycoprotein of a virus of the Filoviridae family, such as Ebola virus or a glycoprotein of a virus of the Arenaviridae family, such as Machupo virus.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is a scFv. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is a single domain antibody. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is a VHH.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to CD7, CD8, cKit (CD117), CD4, CD3, CD5, CD6, CD2, TCR alpha, TCR beta, TCR gamma, TCR delta, CD10, CD34, CD110, CD33, CD14, CD68, CCR7, CD62L, CD25, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, or CXCR3, A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on acute leukemia or lymphoma but not on hematopoietic progenitors; A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on non-hematopoietic cancers; A kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP-4); Adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3); AFP; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); Androgen receptor; Angiopoietin-binding cell surface receptor 2 (Tie 2); Auto antibody to desmoglein 1 (Dsgl); Auto antibody to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3); B7H3 (CD276); Biotin; Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2); BST1/CD157; Cancer/testis antigen 1 (NY-ESO-1); Cancer/testis antigen 2 (LAGE-la); Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA1X); Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); CCCTC-Binding Factor (Zinc Finger Protein)-Like (BORIS or Brother of the Regulator of lmprinted Sites); CCR4; CD5; CD19; CD20; CD22; CD24; CD30; CD32 (FCGR2A); CD33; CD34; CD38; CD44v6; CD72; CD79a; CD79b; CD97; CD99; CD123; CD171; CD179a; CD179b-IGLll; CD200R; CD276/B7H3; CD300 molecule-like family member f (CD300LF); CDH1-CD324; CDH6; CDH17; CDH19; Chromosome X open reading frame 61 (CXORF61); Claudin 6 (CLDN6); Claudinl8.2 (CLD18A2 or CLDN18A.2); CMV pp65; C-MYC epitope Tag; Cripto; CS1 (also referred to as CD2 subset 1 or CRACC or SLAMF7 or CD319 or 19A24); CSF2RA (GM-CSFR-alpha); C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A); C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1 or CLECL1); Cyclin Bl; Cytochrome P450 IB 1 (CYP1B 1); DLL3; EBV-EBNA3c; EGF-bke module- containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2); Elongation factor 2 mutated (ELF2M); Ephrin B2; Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2); Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRviii); Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM); ERG; ETS translocation-variant gene 6 located on chromosome 12p (ETV6-AML); Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR or CD89); Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5); Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP); FITC; Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3); Folate receptor alpha (FRa or FR1); Folate receptor beta (FRb); Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR); Fos-related antigen 1; Fucosyl-GMl; G protein coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D); G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20); GAD; Ganglioside G2 (GD2) ; Ganglioside GD3 (aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4 )bDGlcp(l-l)Cer); Ganglioside GM3 (aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDClalp(l- 4)bDGlcp(l-l)Cer); GD3; GFRalpha4; Glycoprotein 100 (gplOO); Glypican-3 (GPC3); Gonadotropin Hormone receptor (CGHR or GR); GpA33; GpNMB; GPRC5D; Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC); Heat shock protein 70-2 mutated (mut hsp70-2); Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1); Hexasaccharide portion of globoH glycoceramide (GloboH); High molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMWMAA); HIV1 envelope glycoprotein; HLA; HLA-DOA; HLA-A; HLA-A2; HLA-B; HLA-C; HLA-DM; HLA-DOB; HLA-DP; HLA-DQ; HLA-DR; HLA-G; HTLVl-Tax; Human papilloma virus E6 (HPV E6); Human papilloma virus E7 (HPV E7); Human Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT); IgE; IL13Ra2; ILl 1Ra; Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (IGLL1); Influenza A hemagglutinin (HA); Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-I receptor); Interleukin 11 receptor alpha (IL-llRa); Interleukin- 13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2 or CD213A2); Intestinal carboxyl esterase; KIT (CD117); KSHV K8.1; KSHV-gH; LAMP1 ; Legumain; Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2); Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1); Leutenizing hormone receptor (LHR); Lewis(Y) antigen; Lews Ag; Livl; Locus K 9 (LY6K); Low conductance chloride channel; Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex; Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75); Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK); Mammary gland differentiation antigen (NY-BR-1); Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MelanA or MARTI); Melanoma- associated antigen 1 (MAGE-A1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-1 (MAD-CT-1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-2 (MAD-CT-2); Melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP); Mesothelin; MPL; Mucin 1 cell surface associated (MUC1); N-Acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase V (NA17); Nectin-4; Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM); NKG2D; NYBR1; O-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside (OAcGD2); Olfactory receptor 51E2 (OR51E2); Oncogene fusion protein consisting of breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Abl) (bcr-abl); P53 mutant; Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3); Paired box protein Pax-5 (PAX5); Pannexin 3 (PANX3); PDL1; P-glycoprotein; Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1); Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta); Polysialic acid; Proacrosin binding protein sp32 (OY-TES1); Prostase; Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1 (PCT A-l or Galectin 8); Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA); Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP); Prostein; Protease Serine 21 (Testisin or PRSS21); Proteasome (Prosome Macropain) Subunit Beta Type 9 (LMP2); PTK7; Ras G12V; Ras Homolog Family Member C (RhoC); Rat sarcoma (Ras) mutant; Receptor for Advanced Gly cation Endproducts (RAGE-1); Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1); Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB2 or Her-22/neu; Renal ubiquitous 1 (RU1); Renal ubiquitous 2 (RU2); Sarcoma translocation breakpoints; Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ETS fusion gene; Sialyl Lewis adhesion molecule (sLe); SLAMF4; SLAMF6; Slea (CA19.9 or Sialyl Lewis Antigen); Sperm protein 17 (SPA17); Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Recognized By T Cells 3 (SART3); Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4); STEAP1; Survivin; Synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2 (SSX2); TCR Gamma Alternate Reading Frame Protein (TARP); TCR-beta1 chain; TCR-beta2 chain; TCR-delta chain; TCR-gamma chain; TCRgamma-delta; Telomerase; TGFbetaR2; The antigen recognized by TNT antibody; Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR); Timl-/HVCR1; Tissue Factor 1 (TF1); Tn ag; Tn antigen ((Tn Ag) or (GalNAca-Ser/Thr)); TNF receptor family member B cell maturation (BCMA); Transglutaminase 5 (TGS5); Transmembrane protease; TROP2; Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248); Tumor endothelial marker 7-related (TEM7R); Tumor protein p53 (p53); Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72); Tyrosinase; Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2); Uroplakin 2 (UPK2); Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2); V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN); Wilms tumor protein (WT1); or X Antigen Family Member 1A (XAGE1). In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to CD7. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to CD8.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to a target that is present on a cell, such as an immune cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell, such as, but not limited to, T cell, B cell; NK cell, dendritic cell, neutrophils, macrophages, a cancer cell; or, for example, CD3+ T cell; CD4+ T cell; CD7+ T cell, CD8+ T cell; CD19+ B cell; CD19+ cancer cell; CD20+ B cell; CD20+ cancer cell; CD30+ lung epithelial cell; CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD105+ endothelial cell; CD105+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD117+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD133+ cancer cell; EpCAM+ cancer cell; GluA2+ neuron; GluA4+ neuron; Haematopoietic stem cell; Hepatocyte; Her2/Neu+ cancer cell; NKG2D+ natural killer cell; SLC1A3+ astrocyte; SLC7A10+ adipocyte. In some embodiments, the cell is a T cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a B cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a CD7+ T cell and/or CD8+ T cell.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety (a polypeptide) can bind to CD7.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide binds to CD7. In some embodiments, the polypeptide that binds to CD7 is an antibody which binds to non-human primate CD7. In some embodiments, the polypeptide that binds to CD7 is an antibody which binds to human CD7. The sequence of human CD7 (UniProtKB P09564) is as follows (SEQ ID NO: 33):

MAGPPRLLLLPLLLALARGLPGALAAQEVQQSPHCTTVPVGASVNITCST SGGLRGIYLRQLGPQPQDIITY YEDGVVPTTDRRFRGRIDFSGSQDNLT ITMHRLQLSDTGTYTCQAITEVNVYGSGTLVLVTEEQSQGWHRCSDAPPR ASALPAPPTGSALPDPQTASALPDPPAASALPAALAVISFLLGLGLGVAC VLARTQIKKLCSWRDKNSAACVVYEDMSHSRCNTLSSPNQYQ (SEQ ID  NO: 33).

In some embodiments, the CD7 that the polypeptide binds to is expressed on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell. In some embodiments, the immune cell is a CD7+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, NK cell, alpha-beta T cell, gamma-delta T cell, lymphoid progenitor cell, hematopoietic stem cell, myeloid cell, monocyte, macrophage, central memory T cell, effector memory T cell, stem-cell like memory T cells, naïve T cell, activated T cell, regulatory T cell (TReg), terminally differentiated effector memory T cell (TEMRA), resident memory T cell (TRM) or a T-cellCD8+CCR7+.

In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a Fc region. The Fc region can be linked to the heavy or light chain of the antibody. In some embodiments, the Fc region is an IgG Fc. In some embodiments, the IgG is selected from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. In some embodiments, the IgG fc is IgG1 Fc. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an Fc constant region of SEQ ID NO: 34 as set forth below.

ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEP KSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVS HEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGK EYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTC LVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRW QQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 34)

In some embodiments, the IgG fc is IgG2 Fc. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an Fc constant region of SEQ ID NO: 71 as set forth below.

STKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKTVERK CCVECPPCPAPPVAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPE VQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSVLTVVHQDWLNGKEYKCK VSNKGLPAPIEKTISKTKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGF YPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPMLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNV FSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK(SEQ ID NO: 71)

In some embodiments, the IgG fc is IgG4 Fc. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an Fc constant region of SEQ ID NO: 72 as set forth below.

STKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESK YGPPCPSCPAPEFLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSQEDP EVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKC KVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKG FYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGN VFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGK(SEQ ID NO: 72)

In some embodiments, polypeptides (e.g. CD7-binding polypeptide) are provided herein. In some embodiments, antibodies (e.g. an anti-CD7 antibody) are provided herein. In some embodiments, the antibody is a recombinant antibody that binds to CD7. In some embodiments, the CD7 protein is a human CD7 protein. In some embodiments, the CD7 protein is a non-human CD7 protein (e.g., mouse, rat, pig, dog, non-human primate). As used herein, the term “recombinant antibody” refers to an antibody that is not naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the term “recombinant antibody” refers to an antibody that is not isolated from a human subject.

In some embodiments, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof is provided, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprises a peptide selected from the following table, which illustrate the CDRs based on Chothia numbering.

Chothia CDRs Ab ID No HCDR1 HCDR2 HCDR3 LCDR1 LCDR2 LCDR3 CD7AB1 GYPFTSY (SEQ ID NO: 35) DPNSGD (SEQ ID NO: 36) SPYYSNDNSM DY (SEQ ID NO: 37) RASQSIGTSIH (SEQ ID NO: 38) YASESIS (SEQ ID NO: 39) QQSNSWPTT (SEQ ID NO: 40)

In some embodiments, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof is provided, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprises a peptide selected from the following table, which illustrate the CDRs based on Kabat numbering.

Kabat CDRs Ab ID No HCDR1 HCDR2 HCDR3 LCDR1 LCDR2 LCDR3 CD7AB1 SYWIH (SEQ ID NO: 41) RIDPNSGDTKYNEKFKN (SEQ ID NO: 42) SPYYSNDNSMDY (SEQ ID NO: 37) RASQSIGTSIH (SEQ ID NO: 38) YASESIS (SEQ ID NO: 39) QQSNSWPTT (SEQ ID NO: 40)

In some embodiments, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof is provided, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprises a peptide selected from the following table, which illustrate the CDRs based on IMGT numbering.

IMGT CDRs Ab ID No HCDR1 HCDR2 HCDR3 LCDR1 LCDR2 LCDR3 CD7AB1 GYPFTSYW (SEQ ID NO: 43) IDPNSGDT (SEQ ID NO: 44) ARSPYYSNDNSMDY (SEQ ID NO: 45) QSIGTS (SEQ ID NO: 46) YA QQSNSWPTT (SEQ ID NO: 40)

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy or light chain CDR as provided in the tables above. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy or light chain CDR as provided in the tables above and binds to non-human primate CD7. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy or light chain CDR as provided in the tables above and binds to human CD7. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 38-40. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 35-37. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37. The CDRs referenced in the embodiments throughout the present specification can be interchanged with the CDRs that are characterized by different formats, such as Kabat and IMGT.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain variable region having a LCDR1, a LCDR2, and a LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, the LCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39, and the LCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain variable region having a LCDR1, a LCDR2, and a LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, the LCDR2 has a sequence of YA, and the LCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain variable region having a HCDR1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, the HCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, and the HCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain variable region having a HCDR1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, the HCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, and the HCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain variable region having a HCDR1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, the HCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, and the HCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain having any one of the foregoing recited combinations of LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 sequences; and (ii) a heavy chain having any one of the foregoing recited combinations of HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 sequences.

The different CDR motifs can be combined in any combination including those not depicted in the table above. For example, the following embodiments are provided as non-limiting examples of such combinations.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDRl, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; the light chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and (ii) a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; the heavy chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; or variants of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; the light chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and (ii) a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41; the heavy chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; or variants of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46; the light chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of YA; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and (ii) a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; the heavy chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; or variants of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, the light chain variable region CDR1 is replaced with any of the other light chain CDR1 sequences. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region CDR2 is replaced with any of the other light chain CDR2 sequences. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region CDR3 is replaced with any of the other light chain CDR3 sequences. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region CDR1 is replaced with any of the other heavy chain CDR1 sequences. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region CDR2 is replaced with any of the other heavy chain CDR2 sequences. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region CDR3 is replaced with any of the other heavy chain CDR3 sequences.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a heavy chain variable region peptide having one of the following sequences, or a variant thereof:

SEQ ID NO AB ID NO Sequence 47 CD7AB1 QVQLQQPGAELVKPGASVKLSCKASGYPFTSYWIHWVKQRPGRGLEWLGRIDPNSGDTKYNEKFKNKATLTVDKSSTTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARSPYYSNDNSMDYWGQGTSVTVSS

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a light chain variable region peptide having one of the following sequences, or a variant thereof:

SEQ ID NO AB ID NO Sequence 48 CD7AB1 DILLTQSPAILSVSPGERVSFSCRASQSIGTSIHWYQQRTNDSPRLLIKYASESISGIPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLSINSVESEDIADYYCQQSNSWPTTFGGGTKLEIKR

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide of SEQ ID NO: 47. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(L) peptide of SEQ ID NO: 48. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant thereof; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant thereof; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, or a variant thereof, and the polypeptide, the antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, binds to non-human primate CD7. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant thereof; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, or a variant thereof, and the polypeptide, the antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, binds to human CD7. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48.

The VH and the VL sequences can be in any format, including, but not limited to an scFv format where the VH and VL regions are linked with a peptide linker. Examples of peptide linkers that can be used to link various peptides provided for herein include, but are not limited to: (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is 5. In some embodiments, the variable regions are not linked with a peptide linker. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48.

In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides are linked to a Fc region. In some embodiments, the Fc region is as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 71, or SEQ ID NO: 72 as provided for herein. As provided for herein, the heavy chain can be linked to a Fc region. Non-limiting mutations in the Fc region are provided for herein. In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises a transmembrane domain. Examples of transmembrane domains include, but are not limited to, a CD8 or CD28 (“CD8/CD28”) transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises a CD8 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises a CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain further comprises an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain further comprises an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein are linked to an Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain and an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain are anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 are linked to an Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain and an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain are anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell, such as those provided herein.

In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 are linked to an Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain and an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain are anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell, such as those provided herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38-40; and/or a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35-37. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprise a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; a light chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; a light chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and/or a heavy chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; a heavy chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; and a heavy chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37. In some embodiments, the CDRs in the V_(H) or V_(L) chain are as set forth in the combinations provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, wherein the LCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39, wherein the LCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40, wherein the LCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, wherein the HCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, wherein the HCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, wherein the HCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprise a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; a light chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and/or a heavy chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41; a heavy chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; and a heavy chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37. In some embodiments, the CDRs in the V_(H) or V_(L) chain are as set forth in the combinations provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41; a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, wherein the LCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39, wherein the LCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40, wherein the LCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, wherein the HCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, wherein the HCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, wherein the HCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprise a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46; a light chain CDR2 having a sequence of YA; a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and/or a heavy chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; a heavy chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; and a heavy chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45. In some embodiments, the CDRs in the V_(H) or V_(L) chain are as set forth in the combinations provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46; a LCDR2 having a sequence of YA; and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, wherein the LCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a LCDR2 having a sequence of YA, wherein the LCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40, wherein the LCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, wherein the HCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, wherein the HCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45, wherein the HCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide as provided herein binds to non-human primate CD7. In some embodiments, a polypeptide as provided herein binds to human CD7.

As provided for herein, the different polypeptides (V_(H) or V_(L)) described herein can be linked with a peptide linker or not linked with a peptide linker and instead for a continuous sequence. In some embodiments, the peptide linker comprises a sequence of (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is 5. The linked peptide format can be represented by a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L) or V_(L)-Z-V_(H), wherein Z is the peptide linker. In some embodiments, Z is (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising the linked peptide represented by a formula of V_(L)-Z-V_(H) comprises a heavy chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47 linked via a linker sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 50) to a light chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising a V_(L) linked via a peptide linker to a V_(H) has the sequence as set forth below,

DILLTQSPAILSVSPGERVSFSCRASQSIGTSIHWYQQRTNDSPRLLIKY ASESISGIPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLSINSVESEDIADYYCQQSNSWPTTFGG GTKLEIKRGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSQVQLQQPGAELVKPGASVKLSC KASGYPFTSYWIHWVKQRPGRGLEWLGRIDPNSGDTKYNEKFKNKATLTV DKSSTTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARSPYYSNDNSMDYWGQGTSVTVSS  (SEQ ID NO: 51).

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, the polypeptide as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is an anti-CD7 antibody.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising the linked peptide represented by a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L) comprises a light chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 linked via a linker sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 50) to a heavy chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising a V_(H) linked via a peptide linker to a V_(L) has the sequence as set forth below,

QVQLQQPGAELVKPGASVKLSCKASGYPFTSYWIHWVKQRPGRGLEWLGR IDPNSGDTKYNEKFKNKATLTVDKSSTTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARSP YYSNDNSMDYWGQGTSVTVSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSDILLTQSPA ILSVSPGERVSFSCRASQSIGTSIHWYQQRTNDSPRLLIKYASESISGIP SRFSGSGSGTDFTLSINSVESEDIADYYCQQSNSWPTTFGGGTKLEIKR  (SEQ ID NO: 52)

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, the polypeptide as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is an anti-CD7 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-CD7 antibody binds to non-human primate CD7. In some embodiments, the anti-CD7 antibody binds to human CD7.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

As provided for herein, the polypeptide, antibodies, or antigen binding fragments thereof can be variants of the sequences.

The sequences of the polypeptides or antibodies can be modified to yield human IgG antibodies. The conversion of the sequences provided herein can be modified to yield other types of antibodies. The CDRs can also be linked to other antibodies, proteins, or molecules to create antibody fragments that bind CD7.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is a targeting moiety on the surface of an engineered viral particle. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety allows for binding to a target cell. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is a CD7 binding moiety, such as a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is an anti-CD7 antibody.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided for herein is a targeting moiety on the surface of an engineered viral particle. In some embodiments, the engineered viral particle is a pseudotyped viral-like particle. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety allows for binding to a target cell. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is a CD7 binding moiety, such as a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is an anti-CD7 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-CD7 antibody binds to non-human primate CD7. In some embodiments, the anti-CD7 antibody binds to human CD7.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

In some embodiments, the targeting moiety (a polypeptide) can bind to CD8.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide binds to CD8. In some embodiments, the polypeptide binds to CD8-alpha. In some embodiments, the polypeptide binds to CD8-beta. In some embodiments, the polypeptide binds to CD8 heterodimer. In some embodiments, the CD8 heterodimer comprises CD8-alpha and CD8-beta subunits. In some embodiments, the polypeptide binds to CD8-alpha homodimer. In some embodiments, the polypeptide that binds to CD8 is an antibody which binds to non-human primate CD8. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to non-human primate CD8 is an antibody which binds to non-human primate CD8-alpha. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to non-human primate CD8 is an antibody which binds to non-human primate CD8-beta. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to non-human primate CD8 is an antibody which binds to non-human primate CD8-alpha homodimer. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to non-human primate CD8 is an antibody which binds to non-human primate CD8 heterodimer. In some embodiments, the polypeptide that binds to CD8 is an antibody which binds to human CD8. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to human CD8 is an antibody which binds to human CD8-alpha. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to human CD8 is an antibody which binds to human CD8-beta. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to human CD8 is an antibody which binds to human CD8-alpha homodimer. In some embodiments, the antibody that binds to human CD8 is an antibody which binds to human CD8 heterodimer. The sequence of human CD8-alpha (UniProtKB Q8TAW8) is as follows (SEQ ID NO: 53):

MALPVTALLLPLALLLHAARPSQFRVSPLDRTWNLGETVELKCQVLLSNP TSGCSWLFQPRGAAASPTFLLYLSQNKPKAAEGLDTQRFSGKRLGDTFVL TLSDFRRENEGCYFCSALSNSIMYFSHFVPVFLPAKPTTTPAPRPPTPAP TIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLDFACDIYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSL VITLYCNHRNRRRVCKCPRPVVKSGDKPSLSARYV (SEQ ID NO: 53 ).

The sequence of human CD8-beta (UniProtKB Q8TD28) is as follows (SEQ ID NO: 54):

MRPRLWLLLAAQLTVLHGNSVLQQTPAYIKVQTNKMVMLSCEAKISLSNM RIYWLRQRQAPSSDSHHEFLALWDSAKGTIHGEEVEQEKIAVFRDASRFI LNLTSVKPEDSGIYFCMIVGSPELTFGKGTQLSVVDFLPTTAQPTKKSTL KKRVCRLPRPETQKGPLCSPITLGLLVAGVLVLLVSLGVAIHLCCRRRRA RLRFMKQLYK (SEQ ID NO:54).

In some embodiments, the CD8 that the polypeptide binds to is expressed on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell. In some embodiments, the immune cell is a CD7+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, NK cell, alpha-beta T cell, gamma-delta T cell, lymphoid progenitor cell, hematopoietic stem cell, myeloid cell, monocyte, macrophage, central memory T cell, effector memory T cell, stem-cell like memory T cells, naïve T cell, activated T cell, regulatory T cell (TReg), terminally differentiated effector memory T cell (TEMRA), resident memory T cell (TRM) or a T-cellCD8+CCR7+. In some embodiments, the cell is a CD8+ T cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a CD8+ cell.

In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a Fc region. The Fc region can be linked to the heavy or light chain of the antibody. In some embodiments, the Fc region is an IgG Fc. In some embodiments, the IgG is selected from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. In some embodiments, the IgG Fc is IgG1 Fc. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an Fc constant region as set forth below.

ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEP KSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVS HEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGK EYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTC LVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRW QQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 34)

In some embodiments, the IgG fc is IgG2 Fc. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an Fc constant region of SEQ ID NO: 71 as set forth below.

STKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKTVERK CCVECPPCPAPPVAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPE VQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSVLTVVHQDWLNGKEYKCK VSNKGLPAPIEKTISKTKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGF YPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPMLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNV FSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK(SEQ ID NO: 71)

In some embodiments, the IgG fc is IgG4 Fc. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an Fc constant region of SEQ ID NO: 72 as set forth below.

STKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESK YGPPCPSCPAPEFLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSQEDP EVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKC KVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKG FYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGN VFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGK(SEQ ID NO: 72)

In some embodiments, polypeptides (e.g. CD8-binding polypeptide) are provided herein. In some embodiments, antibodies (e.g. an anti-CD8 antibody) are provided herein. In some embodiments, the antibody is a recombinant antibody that binds to CD8. In some embodiments, the CD8 protein is a human CD8 protein. In some embodiments, the CD8 protein is a non-human CD8 protein (e.g., mouse, rat, pig, dog, non-human primate). As used herein, the term “recombinant antibody” refers to an antibody that is not naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the term “recombinant antibody” refers to an antibody that is not isolated from a human subject.

In some embodiments, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof is provided, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprises a peptide selected from the following table, which illustrate the CDRs based on Chothia numbering.

Chothia CDRs Ab ID No HCDR1 HCDR2 HCDR3 LCDR1 LCDR2 LCDR3 CD8AB1 RYTFTDY (SEQ ID NO: 55) YPYNGG (SEQ ID NO: 56) DHRYNEGVSFDY (SEQ ID NO: 57) RASESVDG FGNSFMN (SEQ ID NO: 58) LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 59) QQNNEDPYT (SEQ ID NO: 60)

In some embodiments, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof is provided, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprises a peptide selected from the following table, which illustrate the CDRs based on Kabat numbering.

Kabat CDRs Ab ID No HCDR1 HCDR2 HCDR3 LCDR1 LCDR2 LCDR3 CD8AB1 DYNLH (SEQ ID NO: 61) FIYPYNGGTGYNQKFKN (SEQ ID NO: 62) DHRYNEGVSFDY (SEQ ID NO: 57) RASESVDGFGNSFMN (SEQ ID NO: 58) LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 59) QQNNEDPYT (SEQ ID NO: 60)

In some embodiments, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof is provided, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprises a peptide selected from the following table, which illustrate the CDRs based on IMGT numbering.

IMGT CDRs Ab ID No HCDR1 HCDR2 HCDR3 LCDR1 LCDR2 LCDR3 CD8AB1 RYTFTDYN (SEQ ID NO: 63) IYPYNGGT (SEQ ID NO: 64) ARDHRYNEGVSFDY (SEQ ID NO: 65) ESVDGFGNSF (SEQ ID NO: 66) LA QQNNEDPYT (SEQ ID NO: 60)

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy or light chain CDR as provided in the tables above. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy or light chain CDR as provided in the tables above and binds to non-human primate CD8. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy or light chain CDR as provided in the tables above and binds to human CD8. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 58-60. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 55-57. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57. The CDRs referenced in the embodiments throughout the present specification can be interchanged with the CDRs that are characterized by different formats, such as Kabat and IMGT.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain variable region having a LCDR1, a LCDR2, and a LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, the LCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, and the LCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain variable region having a LCDR1, a LCDR2, and a LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66, the LCDR2 has a sequence of LA, and the LCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain variable region having a HCDR1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, the HCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, and the HCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain variable region having a HCDR1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61, the HCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, and the HCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain variable region having a HCDR1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63, the HCDR2 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, and the HCDR3 has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody or antibody binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain having any one of the foregoing recited combinations of LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 sequences; and (ii) a heavy chain having any one of the foregoing recited combinations of HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 sequences.

The different CDR motifs can be combined in any combination including those not depicted in the table above. For example, the following embodiments are provided as non-limiting examples of such combinations.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; the light chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and (ii) a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; the heavy chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; or variants of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; the light chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and (ii) a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61; the heavy chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; or variants of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises: (i) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66; the light chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of LA; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and (ii) a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63; the heavy chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65; or variants of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, the light chain variable region CDR1 is replaced with any of the other light chain CDR1 sequences. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region CDR2 is replaced with any of the other light chain CDR2 sequences. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region CDR3 is replaced with any of the other light chain CDR3 sequences. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region CDR1 is replaced with any of the other heavy chain CDR1 sequences. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region CDR2 is replaced with any of the other heavy chain CDR2 sequences. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region CDR3 is replaced with any of the other heavy chain CDR3 sequences.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a heavy chain variable region peptide having one of the following sequences, or a variant thereof:

SEQ ID NO AB ID NO Sequence 67 CD8AB1 EVQLQQSGPELVKPGASVKISCKASRYTFTDYNLHWVKLSHEKSLEWIGFIYPYNGGTGYNQKFKNKAKLTVDYSSSTAYMELRSLTSVDAAVYYCARDHRYNEGVSFDYWGQGTTLTVSS

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises a light chain variable region peptide having one of the following sequences, or a variant thereof:

SEQ ID NO AB ID NO Sequence 68 CD8AB1 NIVLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCRASESVDGFGNSFMNWYQQKPGQSPKLLIYLASNLESGVPARFSGSGSRTDFTLTIDPVEADDAATYYCQQNNEDPYTFGGGTKLEIKR

In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide of SEQ ID NO: 67. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(L) peptide of SEQ ID NO: 68. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, or a variant thereof; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, or a variant thereof; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, or a variant thereof, and the polypeptide, the antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, binds to non-human primate CD8. In some embodiments, a polypeptide, an antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, or a variant thereof; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, or a variant thereof, and the polypeptide, the antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, binds to human CD8. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.

The VH and the VL sequences can be in any format, including, but not limited to an scFv format where the VH and VL regions are linked with a peptide linker. Examples of peptide linkers that can be used to link various peptides provided for herein include, but are not limited to: (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is 5. In some embodiments, the variable regions are not linked with a peptide linker. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68.

In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides are linked to a Fc region. In some embodiments, the Fc region is as provided for herein. As provided for herein, the heavy chain can be linked to a Fc region. Non-limiting mutations in the Fc region are provided for herein. In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises a transmembrane domain. Examples of transmembrane domains include, but are not limited to, a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises a CD8 or CD28 (“CD8/CD28”) transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises a CD8 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises a CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain further comprises an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain further comprises an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein are linked to an Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain and an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the VH and VL polypeptides provided herein linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain are anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 68 are linked to an Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 68 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 68 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain and an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the VH having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67 and VL having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 68 linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain are anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell, such as those provided herein.

In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68 are linked to an Fc region comprising a transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68 are linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain and an Env incorporation motif. In some embodiments, the V_(H) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprising a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68 linked to an Fc region comprising a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain are anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an immune cell, such as those provided herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprises a light chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58-60; and/or a heavy chain CDR having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55-57. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprise a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; a light chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; a light chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and/or a heavy chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; a heavy chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56; and a heavy chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57. In some embodiments, the CDRs in the V_(H) or V_(L) chain are as set forth in the combinations provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56; and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, wherein the LCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, wherein the LCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60, wherein the LCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, wherein the HCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, wherein the HCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, wherein the HCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprise a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; a light chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; a light chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and/or a heavy chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61; a heavy chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and a heavy chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57. In some embodiments, the CDRs in the V_(H) or V_(L) chain are as set forth in the combinations provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61; a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, wherein the LCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a LCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, wherein the LCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60, wherein the LCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61, wherein the HCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, wherein the HCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, wherein the HCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide comprise a light chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66; a light chain CDR2 having a sequence of LA; a light chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and/or a heavy chain CDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63; a heavy chain CDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64; and a heavy chain CDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65. In some embodiments, the CDRs in the V_(H) or V_(L) chain are as set forth in the combinations provided for herein.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66; a LCDR2 having a sequence of LA; and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63; a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64; and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67; and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68; provided that the V_(L) peptide comprises a LCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66, wherein the LCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a LCDR2 having a sequence of LA, wherein the LCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a LCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60, wherein the LCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution; and the V_(H) peptide comprises a HCDR1 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63, wherein the HCDR1 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, a HCDR2 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, wherein the HCDR2 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution, and a HCDR3 having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, wherein the HCDR3 comprises at most 1 conservative amino acid substitution.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a V_(H) peptide and a V_(L) peptide, wherein the V_(H) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 and the V_(L) peptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide as provided herein binds to non-human primate CD8. In some embodiments, a polypeptide as provided herein binds to human CD8.

As provided for herein, the different polypeptides (V_(H) or V_(L)) described herein can be linked with a peptide linker or not linked with a peptide linker and instead for a continuous sequence. In some embodiments, the peptide linker comprises a sequence of (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is 5. The linked peptide format can be represented by a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L) or V_(L)-Z-V_(H), wherein Z is the peptide linker. In some embodiments, Z is (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising the linked peptide represented by a formula of V_(L)-Z-V_(H) comprises a heavy chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67 linked via a linker sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 50) to a light chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 68. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising a V_(L) linked via a peptide linker to a V_(H) has the sequence as set forth below,

NIVLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCRASESVDGFGNSFMNWYQQKPGQSPKL LIYLASNLESGVPARFSGSGSRTDFTLTIDPVEADDAATYYCQQNNEDPY TFGGGTKLEIKRGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSEVQLQQSGPELVKPGASV KISCKASRYTFTDYNLHWVKLSHEKSLEWIGFIYPYNGGTGYNQKFKNKA KLTVDYSSSTAYMELRSLTSVDAAVYYCARDHRYNEGVSFDYWGQGTTLT VSS (SEQ ID NO: 69).

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the polypeptide as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is an anti-CD8 antibody.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising the linked peptide represented by a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L) comprises a light chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 68 linked via a linker sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 50) to a heavy chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprising a V_(H) linked via a peptide linker to a V_(L) has the sequence as set forth below,

EVQLQQSGPELVKPGASVKISCKASRYTFTDYNLHWVKLSHEKSLEWIGF IYPYNGGTGYNQKFKNKAKLTVDYSSSTAYMELRSLTSVDAAVYYCARDH RYNEGVSFDYWGQGTTLTVSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSNIVLTQSPA SLAVSLGQRATISCRASESVDGFGNSFMNWYQQKPGQSPKLLIYLASNLE SGVPARFSGSGSRTDFTLTIDPVEADDAATYYCQQNNEDPYTFGGGTKLE IKR (SEQ ID NO: 70).

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the polypeptide as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is an anti-CD8 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-CD8 antibody binds to non-human primate CD8. In some embodiments, the anti-CD8 antibody binds to human CD8.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

As provided for herein, the polypeptide, antibodies, or antigen binding fragments thereof can be variants of the sequences.

The sequences of the polypeptides or antibodies can be modified to yield human IgG antibodies. The conversion of the sequences provided herein can be modified to yield other types of antibodies. The CDRs can also be linked to other antibodies, proteins, or molecules to create antibody fragments that bind CD8.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is a targeting moiety on the surface of an engineered viral particle. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety allows for binding to a target cell. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is a CD8 binding moiety, such as a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is an anti-CD8 antibody.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided for herein is a targeting moiety on the surface of an engineered viral particle. In some embodiments, the engineered viral particle is a pseudotyped viral-like particle. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety allows for binding to a target cell. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is a CD8 binding moiety, such as a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that is at least 99% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is an anti-CD8 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-CD8 antibody binds to non-human primate CD8. In some embodiments, the anti-CD8 antibody binds to human CD8.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, and a CD8/CD28 transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a sequence having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 and comprises an Fc region, such as those provided herein, a transmembrane domain, such as those provided herein, and an Env incorporation motif.

Although, the binders that bind to CD7 and CD8 are illustrated, in part, with a mutant VSV-G protein, other fusogenic proteins can also be used in place of the VSV-G protein. For example, in some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles can pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins other than VSV-G.

In some embodiments, viral particle can be pseudotyped using a viral glycoprotein from, for example, VSV. In some embodiments, viral particle can be pseudotyped using a viral glycoprotein from, for example, the Paramyxoviridae family. In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles are pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins of morbillivirus, such as Measles virus. In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles are pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins of the Measles virus. In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles are pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins of henipavirus, such as Nipah virus, Cedar virus, or Hendra virus. In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles are pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins of the Nipah virus. In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is linked via a linker to an envelope glycoprotein G or H of a virus of the Paramyxoviridae family. In some embodiments, the virus of the Paramyxoviridae family is a morbillivirus, such as Measles virus. In some embodiments, the virus of the Paramyxoviridae family is a henipavirus, such as Nipah virus, Cedar virus, or Hendra virus.

In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles comprising the targeting moieties provided for herein are pseudotyped with viral glycoproteins of viruses of the Rhabdoviridae family. In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles are pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins of a vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus, a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus, a vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus, a vesicular stromatitis Maraba virus, or a vesicular stomatitis Carajas virus. In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is linked via a linker to a glycoprotein of a virus of the Rhabdoviridae family. In some embodiments, the virus of the Rhabdoviridae family is the vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus, the vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus, the vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus, the vesicular stromatitis Maraba virus, or the vesicular stomatitis Carajas virus.

In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles comprising the targeting moieties provided for herein are pseudotyped with viral glycoproteins of the Parainfluezna virus, Spodoptera frugiperda virus, Drosophila obscura sigmavirus, Wuhan insect virus 7, Spring viremia of carp virus, or Perch virus. In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is linked via a linker to a glycoprotein of a virus of the Rhabdoviridae family. In some embodiments, the virus of the Rhabdoviridae family is a Parainfluezna virus. In some embodiments, the virus of the Rhabdoviridae family is a Spodoptera frugiperda virus. In some embodiments, the virus of the Rhabdoviridae family is a Drosophila obscura sigmavirus. In some embodiments, the virus of the Rhabdoviridae family is a Wuhan insect virus 7. In some embodiments, the virus of the Rhabdoviridae family is a Spring viremia of carp virus. In some embodiments, the virus of the Rhabdoviridae family is a Perch virus. In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is linked via a linker to a Parainfluezna virus glycoprotein. In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is linked via a linker to a Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus isolate Sf G virus glycoprotein.

In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles comprising the targeting moieties provided for herein are pseudotyped with viral glycoproteins of viruses of the Arenaviridae family. In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral-like particles are pseudotyped using viral glycoproteins of the Machupo virus. In some embodiments, a polypeptide or an antibody as provided herein is linked via a linker to a glycoprotein of a virus of the Arenaviridae family. In some embodiments, the virus of the Arenaviridae family is a Machupo virus.

In some embodiments, the viral particle comprising a mutant VSV-G protein (or other viral glycorptein) and/or or targeting moiety as provided for herein comprises a nucleic acid molecule encoding for a heterologous molecule of interest or “cargo.” For example, heterologous molecule of interest is meant to refer to any product that may be encoded by a nucleic acid molecule. As non-limiting examples, “cargo” or “heterologous molecule of interest” may refer to an siRNA, an shRNA, a peptide, a polypeptide, a protein, a viral payload, a viral genome, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”). In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is an siRNA, an shRNA, a non-coding RNA (e.g. a guide RNA for a CRISPR system), a peptide, a polypeptide, a protein, a viral payload, a viral genome, a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a CAR.

A “chimeric antigen receptor” or “CAR” as used herein refers to an antigen-binding domain that is fused, directly, or indirectly (e.g. via a hinge or transmembrane domain to an intracellular signaling domain capable of activating or stimulating an immune cell. Most commonly, the CAR’s extracellular binding domain is composed of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from fusing the variable heavy and light regions of a murine or humanized monoclonal antibody. Alternatively, scFvs may be used that are derived from Fab’s (instead of from an antibody, e.g., obtained from Fab libraries). In various embodiments, this scFv is fused to a transmembrane domain and then to an intracellular signaling domain. However, the antigen binding domain can be any molecule that can bind to the to target on the cell. For example, the antigen binding domain of a CAR can be an antibody, a scFv antibody, an antigen binding domain, an ankyrin repeat (e.g. DARPIN), a VHH domain antibody, a nanobody, single domain antibody, a FN3 domain, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a CAR includes those that solely provide CD3ζ signals upon antigen binding. In some embodiments, the CAR includes those that provide both costimulation (e.g. CD28 or CD137) and activation (CD3 ζ). In some embodiments, the CARs include those that provide multiple costimulation (e.g. CD28 and CD137) and activation (CD3ζ). In various embodiments, the CAR is selected to have high affinity or avidity for the antigen. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain binds to CD20. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain comprises a CD20 antibody, or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, antibody fragments are as provided for herein, such as but not limited to a scFv antibody, an antigen binding domain, an ankyrin repeat (e.g. DARPIN), a VHH domain antibody, a nanobody, single domain antibody, a FN3 domain, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises a V_(H) domain, a V_(L) domain, or a V_(H) and a V_(L) domain. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, or any value or range in-between.

EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFNDYAMHWVRQAPGKGLEWVST ISWNSGSIGYADSVKGRFTISRDNAKKSLYLQMNSLRAEDTALYYCAKDI QYGNYYYGMDVWGQGTTVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 73)

In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73.

In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74, or any value or range in-between.

EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYD ASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLEPEDFAVYYCQQRSNWPITFGQ GTRLEIK (SEQID NO: 74)

In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain. In some embodiments, the V_(H) and V_(L) domain are not linked by a linker peptide. In some embodiments, the V_(H) and V_(L) domain are linked by a linker peptide, such as those as provided for herein, including but not limited to: (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5. In some embodiment n is 1. In some embodiment n is 2. In some embodiment n is 3. In some embodiment n is 4. In some embodiment n is 5.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73, and comprises a V_(L) having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L), wherein V_(H) is a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73, Z is a linker comprising the amino acid sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 77), and V_(L) is a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L) has an amino acid sequence as set forth below:

EQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFNDYAMHWVRQAPGKGLEWVSTI SWNSGSIGYADSVKGRFTISRDNAKKSLYLQMNSLRAEDTALYYCAKDIQ YGNYYYGMDVWGQGTTVTVSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSEIVLTQSPATLSLS PGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYDASNRATGIPARFSG SGSGTDFTLTISSLEPEDFAVYYCQQRSNWPITFGQGTRLEIK (SEQ I D NO: 75)

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises a formula of V_(L)-Z-V_(H), wherein V_(L) is a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74, Z is a linker comprising the amino acid sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 77), and V_(H) is a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a formula of V_(L)-Z-V_(H) has an amino acid sequence as set forth below:

EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYD ASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLEPEDFAVYYCQQRSNWPITFGQ GTRLEIKGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSEVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFT FNDYAMHWVRQAPGKGLEWVSTISWNSGSIGYADSVKGRFTISRDNAKKS LYLQMNSLRAEDTALYYCAKDIQYGNYYYGMDVWGQGTTVTVSS (SEQ  ID NO: 76)

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises a V_(H) domain, a V_(L) domain, or a V_(H) and a V_(L) domain. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, or any value or range in-between.

DIVLTQSPAILSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVNYMDWYQKKPGSSPKPWIYAT SNLASZPARFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRVEAEDAATYYCQQWSFNPPTFGGGT KLEIKGSTS(SEQ ID NO: 78)

In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78. In some embodiments, the V_(H) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78.

In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79, or any value or range in-between.

EVQLQQSGAELVKPGASVKMSCKASGYTFTSYNMHWVKQTPGQGLEWIGA IYPGNGDTSYNQKFKGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSADYYCARSN YYGSSYWFFDVWGAGTTVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 79)

In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the V_(L) domain comprises an amino acid sequence having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a V_(H) domain and a V_(L) domain comprises a V_(H) domain having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78, and comprises a V_(L) having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L), wherein V_(H) is a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78, Z is a linker comprising the amino acid sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 77), and V_(L) is a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a formula of V_(H)-Z-V_(L) has an amino acid sequence as set forth below:

DIVLTQSPAILSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVNYMDWYQKKPGSSPKPWIYAT SNLASGVPARFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRVEAEDAATYYCQQWSFNPPTFGGG TKLEIKGSTSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSSEVQLQQSGAELVKPGASVKMSCKA SGYTFTSYNMHWVKQTPGQGLEWIGAIYPGNGDTSYNQKFKGKATLTADK SSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSADYYCARSNYYGSSYWFFDVWGAGTTVTVSS ( SEQ ID NO: 80)

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises a formula of V_(L)-Z-V_(H), wherein V_(L) is a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79, Z is a linker comprising the amino acid sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 77), and V_(H) is a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprising a formula of V_(L)-Z-V_(H) has an amino acid sequence as set forth below:

SEVQLQQSGAELVKPGASVKMSCKASGYTFTSYNMHWVKQTPGQGLEWIG AIYPGNGDTSYNQKFKGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSADYYCARS NYYGSSYWFFDVWGAGTTVTVSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSDIVLTQSPAILS ASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVNYMDWYQKKPGSSPKPWIYATSNLASGVPARFS GSGSGTSYSLTISRVEAEDAATYYCQQWSFNPPTFGGGTKLEIKGSTS ( SEQ ID NO: 81)

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81.

In some embodiments, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR comprises rituximab, ocrelizumab, obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, tositumomab, or ublituximab. In some embodiment, the antigen-binding domain comprises rituximab. In some embodiment, the antigen-binding domain comprises ofatumumab. In some embodiments, the CAR comprises the 4-1BB domain as well. These are merely illustrative in nature and are not limiting to the present embodiments and any chimeric antigen receptor can be delivered in conjunction with the viral particles and vectors provided for herein. These are non-limiting examples of CARs and any CAR construct could be encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule.

In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral particle further comprises a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding a cargo of interest. The nucleic acid molecule may be useful for modulating the expression of a target gene. In some embodiments, the cargo can be used to modulate the activity of a cell or express a protein that is trafficked to the surface of the target cell. Therefore, in some embodiments, the nucleic acid may comprise an siRNA or an shRNA. The nucleic acid may also encode for a cargo of interest. Therefore, in some embodiments, the cargo of interest may comprise a polypeptide or portion thereof, a protein or portion thereof, a chimeric antigen receptor or portion thereof, or a tumor antigen or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the cargo of interest is an antibody that is produced by the virus, which can then be secreted by the cell that is infected with the virus. The term “protein” can refer to any polypeptide that carries a native function in a cellular environment. Therefore, in some embodiments, the protein encoded by the nucleic acid cargo of interest may comprise an enzyme, a nuclear receptor, a transporter, a ribosomal protein, a membrane bound protein, a cytoplasmic protein, a G-protein coupled receptor, a voltage gated ion channel, a secretory protein, a mitochondria protein, a cytokine, a chimeric antigen receptor, a tumor antigen, or a portion or chimeric species thereof.

Without being bound to any particular theory, the viral particle comprising the mutant VSV-G protein or other viral glycoprotein as provided for herein that comprises a targeting moiety can be used to express the heterologous molecule of interest in the target cell. Thus, for example, the CAR can be expressed in a T cell that is targeted by a viral particle pseudotyped with a VSV-G protein as provided for herein. Where the T cell is the intended target the viral particle can comprise a targeting moiety that binds to a target on the surface of a T cell, such as, but not limited to CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7 or CD8. In some embodiments, the target is CD2. In some embodiments, the target is CD3. In some embodiments, the target is CD4. In some embodiments, the target is CD5. In some embodiments, the target is CD6. In some embodiments, the target is CD7. In some embodiments, the target is CD8.

Also provided herein are viral particles comprising a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 or CD8, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. In some the viral particle comprises a targeting moiety that binds to CD7.. In some the viral particle comprises a targeting moiety that binds to CD7.

In some embodiments, the viral particle that comprises a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 or CD8 is a pseudotyped viral particle. The viral particle can be pseudotyped with a viral glycoprotein, such as those, but not limited to, described herein. In some embodiments, the viral particle is pseudotyped with a VSV-G protein or mutant thereof, including, but not limited to, those provided for herein. The targeting moiety can be any antibody that or binder that binds to CD7 or CD8. Non-limiting examples are provided for herein.

In addition to being pseudotyped, the viral particles comprising a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 or CD8 can comprise a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding a molecule of interest. This can be, for example, a siRNA, an shRNA, a non-coding RNA (e.g. a guide RNA for a CRISPR system), a peptide, a polypeptide, a protein, a viral payload, a viral genome, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”).

In some embodiments, the pseudotyped viral particle is a recombinant lentivirus. In some embodiments, the recombinant pseudotyped viral particle is replication competent. In some embodiments, the recombinant pseudotyped viral particle is replication incompetent.

In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is provided comprising any composition, particle, or component provided for herein, such as an envelope pseudotyped viral particles or vectors as provided for herein, i.e. a particle that comprises a VSV-G mutant protein provided for herein or other viral glycoprotein, or particles that comprise a targeting moiety and/or a heterologous nucleic acid molecule as provided for herein.

In some embodiments, methods of delivering a cargo of interest to a cell are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise contacting the cell with the pseudotyped viral-like particles or viral vectors as provided for herein, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

In some embodiments, methods of delivering a cargo of interest to a cell in a subject are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to the subject the pseudotyped viral-like particles or viral vectors as provided for herein, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. In some embodiments, the cargo is a chimeric antigen receptor or as otherwise provided for herein.

In some embodiments, methods for of delivering a chimeric antigen receptor to a T-cell in a subject are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprising administering to the subject the pseudotyped viral-like particles or viral vectors as provided for herein, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the pseudotyped viral-like particle or viral vector comprises a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the chimeric antigen receptor.

Also provided herein are nucleic acid molecules encoding a mutant VSV-G protein as provided for herein.

Also provided herein are nucleic acid molecules encoding a targeting moiety, such as those provided for herein.

Methods of making the viral like particles or vectors are also provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise making a viral like particles or vectors comprising a mutant VSV-G protein or other viral glycoprotein. In some embodiments, the methods comprise transfecting or transducing a packaging cell line with the nucleic acid molecules encoding a mutant VSV-G protein or another viral glycoprotein as provided for herein under conditions sufficient to produce the pseudotyped viral-like particles or viral vectors. In some embodiments, the methods comprise transfecting or transducing a packaging cell line with the plurality of nucleic acid molecules provided for herein under conditions sufficient to produce the pseudotyped viral-like particles or viral vectors and optionally with a targeting moiety, such as one that binds to a target antigen, such as those provided for herein. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds to CD7 or CD8. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a sequence that binds to CD7 or CD8, such as those provided for herein. In some embodiments, methods further comprise isolating the pseudotyped viral-like particle or viral vector. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules also comprise a nucleic acid molecule encoding a targeting moiety and/or a cargo that is to be delivered by the viral vector that is produced.

Accordingly, in some embodiments, cells are provided comprising heterologous nucleic acid molecules that encode the components to produce the virus. Packaging cell lines are known in the art and can be modified with the molecules of interest to produce the viral particle of interest.

For example, a cell or population of cells is provided that comprises one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecules encoding for a targeting moiety and/or a viral glycoprotein. In some embodiments, the cell comprises heterologous nucleic acid molecules encoding for a targeting moiety and a viral glycoprotein. In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid molecules comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding for a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 or CD8. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety that is encoded for comprises an amino acid sequence as provided for herein. In some embodiments, the viral glycoprotein encoded for is any viral glycoprotein that can function as a fusogenic protein to facilitate entry of the viral particle into a cell that expresses CD7 or CD8. In some embodiments, the viral glycoprotein is wild-type or a mutant VSV-G protein, such as those provided for herein. Other viral glycoproteins that can be encoded for are also described herein and can be used.

The viral particles provided for herein can be produced or made by, for example, culturing the cell under conditions sufficient to make the viral particle. In some embodiments, the cell is what is called a packaging cell line that provides components of the virus to produce the viral particle. These can be structural or non-structural viral components or proteins.

Also provided for herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to the subject the pseudotyped viral-like particles or viral vectors as provided for herein, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the pseudotyped viral-like particle or viral vector comprises a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the chimeric antigen receptor.

Also provided herein are methods of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof.

In some embodiments, the methods provided include, but are not limited to, methods of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject the viral particle(s) provided herein to treat the disease.

In certain embodiments, the disease is a cancer. In addition, the compositions provided for herein can be used in methods for the treatment of any condition related to a cancer, such as a cell-mediated immune response against a tumor cell(s), where it is desirable to treat or alleviate the disease. The types of cancers to be treated include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, blastoma, sarcoma, certain leukemia or lymphoid malignancies, benign and malignant tumors, malignancies e.g., sarcomas, carcinomas, and melanomas. Other exemplary cancers include, but are not limited to, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cancer, liver cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and the like. In some embodiments, the cancer is the cancer is carcinoma, blastoma, sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoid malignancies, benign tumors, malignant tumors, sarcoma, carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cancer, liver cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, B cell related cancer or T cell related cancer. The cancers may be non-solid tumors (such as hematological tumors) or solid tumors. Adult tumors/cancers and pediatric tumors/cancers are also included. In one embodiment, the cancer is a hematological tumor. In one embodiment, the cancer is a carcinoma. In one embodiment, the cancer is a sarcoma. In one embodiment, the cancer is a leukemia. In one embodiment the cancer is a solid tumor.

Solid tumors are abnormal masses of tissue that usually do not contain cysts or liquid areas. Solid tumors can be benign or malignant. Different types of solid tumors are named for the type of cells that form them (such as sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas). Examples of solid tumors, such as sarcomas and carcinomas, include fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing’s tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon carcinoma, lymphoid malignancy, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancers, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytomas sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, Wilms’ tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, seminoma, bladder carcinoma, melanoma, CNS tumors (such as a glioma (such as brainstem glioma and mixed gliomas), glioblastoma (also known as glioblastoma multiforme) astrocytoma, CNS lymphoma, germinoma, medulloblastoma, Schwannoma craniopharyogioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, menangioma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and brain metastases).

Carcinomas that can be amenable to therapy by the methods disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, esophageal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma (a form of skin cancer), squamous cell carcinoma (various tissues), bladder carcinoma, including transitional cell carcinoma (a malignant neoplasm of the bladder), bronchogenic carcinoma, colon carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, lung carcinoma, including small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, adrenocortical carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ or bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilm’s tumor, cervical carcinoma, uterine carcinoma, testicular carcinoma, osteogenic carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the compositions provided herein can be used in methods to treat a myeloma, or a condition related to myeloma. Examples of myeloma or conditions related thereto include, without limitation, light chain myeloma, non-secretory myeloma, monoclonal gamopathy of undertermined significance (MGUS), plasmacytoma (e.g., solitary, multiple solitary, extramedullary plasmacytoma), amyloidosis, and multiple myeloma. In some embodiments, methods of treating multiple myeloma are provided. In some embodiments, the multiple myeloma is refractory myeloma. In some embodiments, the multiple myeloma is relapsed myeloma.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the in vivo modified immune cells produced using the compositions provided herein are used to treat a melanoma, or a condition related to melanoma. Examples of melanoma or conditions related thereto include, without limitation, superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, amelanotic melanoma, or melanoma of the skin (e.g., cutaneous, eye, vulva, vagina, rectum melanoma). In some embodiments, the melanoma is cutaneous melanoma. In some embodiments, the melanoma is refractory melanoma. In some embodiments, the melanoma is relapsed melanoma.

In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are used to treat a sarcoma, or a condition related to sarcoma. Examples of sarcoma or conditions related thereto include, without limitation, angiosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, endotheliosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, mesothelioma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, myxosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, osteosarcoma, pleomorphic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovioma, synovial sarcoma, and other soft tissue sarcomas. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is synovial sarcoma. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is liposarcoma such as myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma, or pleomorphic liposarcoma. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is myxoid/round cell liposarcoma. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is refractory sarcoma. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is relapsed sarcoma.

In some embodiments, the subject has been treated with a therapeutic agent targeting the disease or condition, e.g. the tumor, prior to administration of the composition. In some aspects, the subject is refractory or non-responsive to the other therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the subject has persistent or relapsed disease, e.g., following treatment with another therapeutic intervention, including chemotherapy, radiation, and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), e.g., allogenic HSCT. In some embodiments, the administration effectively treats the subject despite the subject having become resistant to another therapy.

In some embodiments, the subject is responsive to the other therapeutic agent, and treatment with the therapeutic agent reduces disease burden. In some aspects, the subject is initially responsive to the therapeutic agent, but exhibits a relapse of the disease or condition over time. In some embodiments, the subject has not relapsed. In some such embodiments, the subject is determined to be at risk for relapse, such as at a high risk of relapse, and thus the composition is administered prophylactically, e.g., to reduce the likelihood of or prevent relapse. In some aspects, the subject has not received prior treatment with another therapeutic agent.

The administration of the compositions may be carried out in any convenient manner known to those of skill in the art. For example, the compositions may be administered to a subject by aerosol inhalation, injection, ingestion, transfusion, implantation or transplantation. The compositions described herein may be administered to a patient transarterially, subcutaneously, intradermally, intratumorally, intranodally, intramedullary, intramuscularly, by intravenous (i.v.) injection, intraperitoneally, intranasally, intracranially, or intraosseously. In other instances, the compositions are injected directly into a site of a local disease site in the subject, a lymph node, an organ, a tumor, and the like.

For the prevention or treatment of disease, the appropriate dosage may depend on the type of disease to be treated, the severity and course of the disease, whether the composition is administered for preventive or therapeutic purposes, previous therapy, the subject’s clinical history and response to the treatment, and the discretion of the attending physician. The composition is, in some embodiments, suitably administered to the subject at one time or over a series of treatments.

In some embodiments, the composition is administered as part of a combination treatment, such as simultaneously with or sequentially with, in any order, another therapeutic intervention, such as an antibody or produced cell or receptor or agent, such as a cytotoxic or therapeutic agent. The composition(s), in some embodiments, is co-administered with one or more additional therapeutic agents or in connection with another therapeutic intervention, either simultaneously or sequentially in any order. In some contexts, the composition is co-administered with another therapy sufficiently close in time such that the composition enhances the effect of one or more additional therapeutic agents, or vice versa. In some embodiments, the composition is administered prior to the one or more additional therapeutic agents. In some embodiments, the composition is administered after the one or more additional therapeutic agents. In some embodiments, the one or more additional agents includes a cytokine, such as IL-2, for example, to enhance persistence. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administration of a chemotherapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the methods do not comprise the administration of a chemotherapeutic agent.

In certain embodiments, the compositions may be administered to a subject in combination with an immune checkpoint antibody (e.g., an anti-PD1, anti-CTLA-4, or anti-PDL1 antibody). For example, viral vectors may be administered in combination with an antibody or antibody fragment targeting, for example, PD-1 (programmed death 1 protein). Examples of anti-PD-1 antibodies include, but are not limited to, pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA®, formerly lambrolizumab, also known as MK-3475), and nivolumab (BMS-936558, MDX-1106, ONO-4538, OPDIVO®) or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the compositions may be administered in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. Examples of anti-PD-L1 antibodies include, but are not limited to, BMS-936559, MPDL3280A (TECENTRIQ®, Atezolizumab), and MEDI4736 (Durvalumab, Imfinzi). In certain embodiments, the composition may be administered in combination with an anti-CTLA-4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. An example of an anti- CTLA-4 antibody includes, but is not limited to, Ipilimumab (trade name Yervoy). Other types of immune checkpoint modulators may also be used including, but not limited to, small molecules, siRNA, miRNA, and CRISPR systems. Immune checkpoint modulators may be administered before, after, or concurrently with the viral vector. In certain embodiments, combination treatment comprising an immune checkpoint modulator may increase the therapeutic efficacy of a therapy comprising a composition as provided herein. The other therapeutic can be administered simultaneously, before, or after the compositions provided herein are administered to the subject.

In certain embodiments, the subject is provided a secondary treatment. Secondary treatments include but are not limited to chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and medications. In some embodiments, the subject is not provided a secondary treatment.

In some embodiments, the methods are performed without a lymphodepletion step, such as the administration of cyclophosphamide and/or fludarabine.

In some embodiments, the subject can be administered a conditioning therapy after the administration of the compositions to kill certain immune cells that are not transduced with the CAR encoded by the compositions. This can be done by including a selection marker that is encoded by the nucleic acid cargo of interest. In some embodiments, the conditioning therapy comprises administering an effective amount of cyclophosphamide to the subject. In some embodiments, the conditioning therapy comprises administering an effective amount of fludarabine to the subject. In some embodiments, the conditioning therapy comprises administering an effective amount of a combination of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine to the subject.

In some embodiments, a specific dosage regimen of the present disclosure includes a lymphodepletion step after the administration of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the lymphodepletion step includes administration of cyclophosphamide and/or fludarabine.

In some embodiments, the lymphodepletion step includes administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of between about 200 mg/m2/day and about 2000 mg/m2/day (e.g., 200 mg/m2/day, 300 mg/m2/day, or 500 mg/m2/day). In an exemplary embodiment, the dose of cyclophosphamide is about 300 mg/m2/day. In some embodiments, the lymphodepletion step includes administration of fludarabine at a dose of between about 20 mg/m2/day and about 900 mg/m2/day (e.g., 20 mg/m2/day, 25 mg/m2/day, 30 mg/m2/day, or 60 mg/m2/day). In an exemplary embodiment, the dose of fludarabine is about 30 mg/m2/day.

In some embodiment, the lymphodepletion step includes administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of between about 200 mg/m2/day and about 2000 mg/m2/day (e.g., 200 mg/m2/day, 300 mg/m2/day, or 500 mg/m2/day), and fludarabine at a dose of between about 20 mg/m2/day and about 900 mg/m2/day (e.g., 20 mg/m2/day, 25 mg/m2/day, 30 mg/m2/day, or 60 mg/m2/day). In an exemplary embodiment, the lymphodepletion step includes administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of about 300 mg/m2/day, and fludarabine at a dose of about 30 mg/m2/day.

In an exemplary embodiment, the dosing of cyclophosphamide is 300 mg/m2/day over three days, and the dosing of fludarabine is 30 mg/m2/day over three days.

It is known in the art that one of the adverse effects of the use of CAR T cells can be the onset of immune activation, known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS is immune activation resulting in elevated inflammatory cytokines. CRS is a known on-target toxicity, development of which likely correlates with efficacy. Clinical and laboratory measures range from mild CRS (constitutional symptoms and/or grade-2 organ toxicity) to severe CRS (sCRS; grade ≥3 organ toxicity, aggressive clinical intervention, and/or potentially life threatening). Clinical features include: high fever, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, nausea, anorexia, tachycardia/hypotension, capillary leak, cardiac dysfunction, renal impairment, hepatic failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Dramatic elevations of cytokines including interferon-gamma, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-10, and IL-6 have been shown following CAR T-cell infusion. One CRS signature is elevation of cytokines including IL-6 (severe elevation), IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha (moderate), and IL-2 (mild). Elevations in clinically available markers of inflammation including ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) have also been observed to correlate with the CRS syndrome. The presence of CRS generally correlates with expansion and progressive immune activation of adoptively transferred cells. It has been demonstrated that the degree of CRS severity is dictated by disease burden at the time of infusion as patients with high tumor burden experience a more sCRS.

Accordingly, in some embodiments, the methods comprise, following the diagnosis of CRS, appropriate CRS management strategies to mitigate the physiological symptoms of uncontrolled inflammation without dampening the antitumor efficacy of the in vivo generated cells (e.g., CAR T cells). CRS management strategies are known in the art. For example, systemic corticosteroids may be administered to rapidly reverse symptoms of sCRS (e.g., grade 3 CRS) without compromising initial antitumor response.

In some embodiments, an anti-IL-6R antibody may be administered. An example of an anti-IL-6R antibody is the Food and Drug Administration-approved monoclonal antibody tocilizumab, also known as atlizumab (marketed as Actemra, or RoActemra). Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). Administration of tocilizumab has demonstrated near-immediate reversal of CRS.

CRS is generally managed based on the severity of the observed syndrome and interventions are tailored as such. CRS management decisions may be based upon clinical signs and symptoms and response to interventions, not solely on laboratory values alone.

Mild to moderate cases generally are treated with symptom management with fluid therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and antihistamines as needed for adequate symptom relief. More severe cases include patients with any degree of hemodynamic instability; with any hemodynamic instability, the administration of tocilizumab is recommended. The first-line management of CRS may be tocilizumab, in some embodiments, at the labeled dose of 8 mg/kg IV over 60 minutes (not to exceed 800 mg/dose); tocilizumab can be repeated Q8 hours. If suboptimal response to the first dose of tocilizumab, additional doses of tocilizumab may be considered. Tocilizumab can be administered alone or in combination with corticosteroid therapy. Patients with continued or progressive CRS symptoms, inadequate clinical improvement in 12-18 hours or poor response to tocilizumab, may be treated with high-dose corticosteroid therapy, generally hydrocortisone 100 mg IV or methylprednisolone 1-2 mg/kg. In patients with more severe hemodynamic instability or more severe respiratory symptoms, patients may be administered high-dose corticosteroid therapy early in the course of the CRS. CRS management guidance may be based on published standards (Lee et al. (2019) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.758; Neelapu et al. (2018) Nat Rev Clin Oncology, 15:47; Teachey et al. (2016) Cancer Discov, 6(6):664-679).

Features consistent with Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) or Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) have been observed in patients treated with CAR-T therapy (Henter, 2007), coincident with clinical manifestations of the CRS. MAS appears to be a reaction to immune activation that occurs from the CRS, and should therefore be considered a manifestation of CRS. MAS is similar to HLH (also a reaction to immune stimulation). The clinical syndrome of MAS is characterized by high grade non-remitting fever, cytopenias affecting at least two of three lineages, and hepatosplenomegaly. It is associated with high serum ferritin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and triglycerides, and a decrease of circulating natural killer (NK) activity.

In some embodiments, methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof are provided, the methods comprising administering to the subject any of the compositions, such as the viral particle(s), provided herein.

The compositions disclosed herein can comprise a pharmaceutical composition, and for example include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and/or a pharmaceutical formulation.

The term “pharmaceutical formulation” refers to a preparation which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of an active ingredient contained therein to be effective, and which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the formulation would be administered. A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical formulation, other than an active ingredient, which is nontoxic to a subject. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, a buffer, excipient, stabilizer, or preservative. In some aspects, the choice of carrier is determined in part by the particular cell and/or by the method of administration. Accordingly, there are a variety of suitable formulations. For example, the pharmaceutical composition can contain preservatives. Suitable preservatives may include, for example, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium benzoate, and benzalkonium chloride. In some aspects, a mixture of two or more preservatives is used. The preservative or mixtures thereof are typically present in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 2% by weight of the total composition. Carriers are described, e.g., by Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980). Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are generally nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include, but are not limited to: buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g. Zn-protein complexes); and/or non-ionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Buffering agents in some aspects are included in the compositions. Suitable buffering agents include, for example, citric acid, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate, and various other acids and salts. In some aspects, a mixture of two or more buffering agents is used. The buffering agent or mixtures thereof are typically present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the total composition. Methods for preparing administrable pharmaceutical compositions are known. Exemplary methods are described in more detail in, for example, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 21st ed. (May 1, 2005).

The formulations can include aqueous solutions. The formulation or composition may also contain more than one active ingredient useful for the particular indication, disease, or condition being treated with the composition, preferably those with activities complementary to the composition, where the respective activities do not adversely affect one another. Such active ingredients are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended. Thus, in some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further includes other pharmaceutically active agents or drugs, such as chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., asparaginase, busulfan, carboplatin, cisplatin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, methotrexate, paclitaxel, rituximab, vinblastine, and/or vincristine. The pharmaceutical composition in some embodiments contains the composition in amounts effective to treat or prevent the disease or condition, such as a therapeutically effective or prophylactically effective amount. Therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy in some embodiments is monitored by periodic assessment of treated subjects. The desired dosage can be delivered by a single bolus administration of the composition, by multiple bolus administrations of the composition, or by continuous infusion administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition does not include a chemotherapeutic.

Formulations include those for oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, pulmonary, transdermal, intramuscular, intranasal, buccal, sublingual, or suppository administration. In some embodiments, the composition is administered parenterally. The term “parenteral,” as used herein, includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, rectal, vaginal, and intraperitoneal administration. In some embodiments, the composition is administered to the subject using peripheral systemic delivery by intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous injection. Compositions in some embodiments are provided as sterile liquid preparations, e.g., isotonic aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, dispersions, or viscous compositions, which may in some aspects be buffered to a selected pH. Liquid preparations are normally easier to prepare than gels, other viscous compositions, and solid compositions. Additionally, liquid compositions are somewhat more convenient to administer, especially by injection. Viscous compositions, on the other hand, can be formulated within the appropriate viscosity range to provide longer contact periods with specific tissues. Liquid or viscous compositions can comprise carriers, which can be a solvent or dispersing medium containing, for example, water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol) and suitable mixtures thereof.

Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the composition in a solvent, such as in admixture with a suitable carrier, diluent, or excipient such as sterile water, physiological saline, glucose, dextrose, or the like. The compositions can contain auxiliary substances such as wetting, dispersing, or emulsifying agents (e.g., methylcellulose), pH buffering agents, gelling or viscosity enhancing additives, preservatives, flavoring agents, and/or colors, depending upon the route of administration and the preparation desired. Standard texts may in some aspects be consulted to prepare suitable preparations.

Various additives which enhance the stability and sterility of the compositions, including antimicrobial preservatives, antioxidants, chelating agents, and buffers, can be added. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, and sorbic acid. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

The formulations to be used for in vivo administration are generally sterile. Sterility may be readily accomplished, e.g., by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.

The embodiments provided for herein can be used for many purposes, since the a pseudotyped virus capable of fusing with a target cell can be used to deliver a gene or other heterologous sequence of interest.

ENUMERATED EMBODIMENTS

In some embodiments, the following embodiments are provided:

1. A VSV-G polypeptide comprising a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at position 182 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

2. The VSV-G polypeptide of embodiment 1, wherein the protein comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 with a mutation at position 182 and has at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.

3. The VSV-G polypeptide of embodiments 1 or 2, wherein the polypeptide comprises a I182E or I182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2.

4. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 with a mutation at position 198 and at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.

5. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the polypeptide comprises a mutation that corresponds to I182D or I182E as compared to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.

6. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence at least 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.

7. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the polypeptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.

8. The VSV-polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence at least 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.

9. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the polypeptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.

10. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-9, further comprising a mutation in the VSV-G protein that corresponds to a mutation as described in US 2020/0216502, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

11. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-10, further comprising a mutation in the VSV-G protein that corresponds to a position of 8, 10, 47, 209 and/or 354 as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2.

12. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-11, further comprising a mutation that corresponds to position 8 in SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the mutation is any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in SEQ ID NO: 2, except Y.

13. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-12, further comprising a mutation that corresponds to position 209 in SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the mutation is any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in SEQ ID NO: 2, except H.

14. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-13, further comprising a mutation that corresponds to position 47 in SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the mutation is any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in SEQ ID NO: 2, except K or R.

15. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-14, further comprising a mutation that corresponds to position 354 in SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the mutation is any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in SEQ ID NO: 2, except K or R.

16. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-15, further comprising a mutation that corresponds to position 10 in SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the mutation is any amino acid different from the amino acid indicated at that position in SEQ ID NO: 2, except Q or N.

17. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-16, wherein the protein comprises a substitution at position 47 or at position 354, or at both positions 47 and 354, wherein each position is, independently, substituted by A, G, F, Q, or N.

18. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein the protein comprises a substitution at position 8, wherein the substitution is H8A, H8I, H8V, H8L, and the like.

19. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the protein comprises a substitution at position 47, wherein the substitution is K47Q or K47N.

20. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the protein comprises a substitution H8A and/or K47Q mutation.

21. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein the protein comprises a substitution at position 10, such as Q10A, Q10R, or Q10K substitution.

22. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-21, further comprising a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at positions 214 and/or 352 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

23. The VSV-G polypeptide of embodiment 22, wherein the polypeptide comprises a T214N and/or T352A mutation.

24. A VSV-G polypeptide comprising a substitution at positions I182 and at least one of T214, and T352 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

25. The VSV-G polypeptide of embodiment 24, wherein the polypeptide comprises substitutions at positions I182, T214, and T352 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

26. The VSV-G polypeptide of embodiments 24 or 25, wherein the substitution at position 182 is I182D or I182E, the substitution at position 214 is T214N, and the substitution at position 352 is T352A.

27. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 24-26, wherein the polypeptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24 or SEQ ID NO: 25.

28. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 24-26, wherein the polypeptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.

29. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 24-26, wherein the polypeptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23.

30. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 24-26, wherein the polypeptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.

31. The VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 24-26, wherein the polypeptide comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.

32. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-31.

33. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of embodiment 32.

34. A plasmid comprising the nucleic acid molecule of embodiment 32.

35. A viral particle comprising the polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-31.

36. The viral particle of embodiment 35, further comprising a targeting moiety.

37. The viral particle of embodiments 35 or 36, wherein the viral particle is a pseudotyped lentivirus.

38. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 35-37, wherein the viral particle further comprises a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest.

39. The viral particle of embodiment 38, wherein the heterologous molecule of interest is an siRNA, an shRNA, a non-coding RNA (e.g. a guide RNA for a CRISPR system), a peptide, a polypeptide, a protein, a viral payload, a viral genome, or a combination thereof.

40. The viral particle of embodiments 38 or 39, wherein the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”).

41. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 35-40, wherein the targeting moiety binds to an immune cell, such as a T cell, B cell; NK cell, dendritic cell, neutrophils, macrophages, a cancer cell; or, for example, CD3+ T cell; CD4+ T cell; CD7+ T cell, CD8+ T cell; CD19+ B cell; CD19+ cancer cell; CD20+ B cell; “CD20+ cancer cell, CD30+ lung epithelial cell; CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD105+ endothelial cell; CD105+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD117+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD133+ cancer cell; EpCAM+ cancer cell; GluA2+ neuron; GluA4+ neuron; Haematopoietic stem cell; Hepatocyte; Her2/Neu+ cancer cell; NKG2D+ natural killer cell; SLC1A3+ astrocyte; SLC7A10+ adipocyte.

42. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 35-41, wherein the targeting moiety binds to CD7, CD8, cKit (CD117), CD4, CD3, CD5, CD6, CD2, TCR alpha, TCR beta, TCR gamma, TCR delta, CD10, CD34, CD110, CD33, CD14, CD68, CCR7, CD62L, CD25, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, or CXCR3, A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on acute leukemia or lymphoma but not on hematopoietic progenitors; A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on non-hematopoietic cancers; A kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP-4); Adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3); AFP; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); Androgen receptor; Angiopoietin-binding cell surface receptor 2 (Tie 2); Auto antibody to desmoglein 1 (Dsgl); Auto antibody to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3); B7H3 (CD276); Biotin; Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2); BST1/CD157; Cancer/testis antigen 1 (NY-ESO-1); Cancer/testis antigen 2 (LAGE-1a); Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA1X); Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); CCCTC-Binding Factor (Zinc Finger Protein)-Like (BORIS or Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites); CCR4; CD5; CD19; CD20; CD22; CD24; CD30; CD32 (FCGR2A); CD33; CD34; CD38; CD44v6; CD72; CD79a; CD79b; CD97; CD99; CD123; CD171; CD179a; CD179b-IGLll; CD200R; CD276B7H3; CD300 molecule-like family member f (CD300LF); CDH1-CD324; CDH6; CDH17; CDH19; Chromosome X open reading frame 61 (CXORF61); Claudin 6 (CLDN6); Claudinl8.2 (CLD18A2 or CLDN18A.2); CMV pp65; C-MYC epitope Tag; Cripto; CS1 (also referred to as CD2 subset 1 or CRACC or SLAMF7 or CD319 or 19A24); CSF2RA (GM-CSFR-alpha); C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A); C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1 or CLECL1); Cyclin Bl; Cytochrome P450 IB 1 (CYP1B 1); DLL3; EBV-EBNA3c; EGF-bke module- containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2); Elongation factor 2 mutated (ELF2M); Ephrin B2; Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2); Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRviii); Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM); ERG; ETS translocation-variant gene 6 located on chromosome 12p (ETV6-AML); Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR or CD89); Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5); Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP); FITC; Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3); Folate receptor alpha (FRa or FR1); Folate receptor beta (FRb); Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR); Fos-related antigen 1; Fucosyl-GMl; G protein coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D); G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20); GAD; Ganglioside G2 (GD2) ; Ganglioside GD3 (aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); Ganglioside GM3 (aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDClalp(1- 4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); GD3; GFRalpha4; Glycoprotein 100 (gplOO); Glypican-3 (GPC3); Gonadotropin Hormone receptor (CGHR or GR); GpA33; GpNMB; GPRC5D; Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC); Heat shock protein 70-2 mutated (mut hsp70-2); Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1); Hexasaccharide portion of globoH glycoceramide (GloboH); High molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMWMAA); HIV1 envelope glycoprotein; HLA; HLA-DOA; HLA-A; HLA-A2; HLA-B; HLA-C; HLA-DM; HLA-DOB; HLA-DP; HLA-DQ; HLA-DR; HLA-G; HTLVI-Tax; Human papilloma virus E6 (HPV E6); Human papilloma virus E7 (HPV E7); Human Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT); IgE; IL13Ra2; IL1 1Ra; Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (IGLL1); Influenza A hemagglutinin (HA); Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-I receptor); Interleukin 11 receptor alpha (IL-11Ra); Interleukin- 13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2 or CD213A2); Intestinal carboxyl esterase; KIT (CD117); KSHV K8.1; KSHV-gH; LAMP1 ; Legumain; Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2); Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1); Leutenizing hormone receptor (LHR); Lewis(Y) antigen; Lews Ag; Livl; Locus K 9 (LY6K); Low conductance chloride channel; Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex; Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75); Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK); Mammary gland differentiation antigen (NY-BR-1); Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MelanA or MARTI); Melanoma- associated antigen 1 (MAGE-A1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-1 (MAD-CT-1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-2 (MAD-CT-2); Melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP); Mesothelin; MPL; Mucin 1 cell surface associated (MUC1); N-Acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase V (NA17); Nectin-4; Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM); NKG2D; NYBR1; O-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside (OAcGD2); Olfactory receptor 51E2 (OR51E2); Oncogene fusion protein consisting of breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Ab1) (bcr-ab1); P53 mutant; Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3); Paired box protein Pax-5 (PAX5); Pannexin 3 (PANX3); PDL1; P-glycoprotein; Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1); Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta); Polysialic acid; Proacrosin binding protein sp32 (OY-TES1); Prostase; Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1 (PCT A-1 or Galectin 8); Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA); Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP); Prostein; Protease Serine 21 (Testisin or PRSS21); Proteasome (Prosome Macropain) Subunit Beta Type 9 (LMP2); PTK7; Ras G12V; Ras Homolog Family Member C (RhoC); Rat sarcoma (Ras) mutant; Receptor for Advanced Gly cation Endproducts (RAGE-1); Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1); Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB2 or Her-22/neu; Renal ubiquitous 1 (RU1); Renal ubiquitous 2 (RU2); Sarcoma translocation breakpoints; Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ETS fusion gene; Sialyl Lewis adhesion molecule (sLe); SLAMF4; SLAMF6; Slea (CA19.9 or Sialyl Lewis Antigen); Sperm protein 17 (SPA17); Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Recognized By T Cells 3 (SART3); Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4); STEAP1; Survivin; Synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2 (SSX2); TCR Gamma Alternate Reading Frame Protein (TARP); TCR-beta1 chain; TCR-beta2 chain; TCR-delta chain; TCR-gamma chain; TCRgamma-delta; Telomerase; TGFbetaR2; The antigen recognized by TNT antibody; Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR); Tim1-/HVCR1; Tissue Factor 1 (TF1); Tn ag; Tn antigen ((Tn Ag) or (GalNAca-Ser/Thr)); TNF receptor family member B cell maturation (BCMA); Transglutaminase 5 (TGS5); Transmembrane protease; TROP2; Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248); Tumor endothelial marker 7-related (TEM7R); Tumor protein p53 (p53); Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72); Tyrosinase; Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2); Uroplakin 2 (UPK2); Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2); V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN); Wilms tumor protein (WT1); or X Antigen Family Member 1A (XAGE1).

43. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 35-42, wherein the targeting moiety is an antibody, a scFv antibody, an antigen binding domain, an ankyrin repeat (e.g., DARPIN), a VHH domain antibody, a nanobody, single domain antibody, a FN3 domain, or any combination thereof.

44. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 35-43, wherein the targeting moiety is attached to the viral surface through

-   an IgG Fc stalk; -   an envelope glycoprotein G or H of a virus of the Paramyxoviridae     family, such as a morbillivirus, such as Measles virus, or a     henipavirus, such as Nipah virus, Cedar virus, or Hendra virus; -   a glycoprotein of a virus of the Rhabdoviridae family, such as a     vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus, a vesicular stomatitis     Indiana virus, a vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus, a vesicular     stromatitis Maraba virus, a vesicular stomatitis Carajas virus,     Parainfluenza virus, Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus isolate Sf G,     Drosophila obscura sigmavirus 10A, Wuhan insect virus 7, Perch     virus, or Spring viremia of carp virus; -   a glycoprotein of a virus of the Filoviridae family, such as Ebola     virus; or -   a glycoprotein of a virus of the Arenaviridae family, such as     Machupo virus.

45. The viral particle of embodiment 44, wherein the stalk comprises a transmembrane domain, such as, but not limited to a CD8 or CD28 transmembrane domain.

46. A method of delivering a heterologous molecule to a target cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with a viral vector comprising:

-   a) the VSV-G protein of any one of embodiments 1-31; b) a targeting     moiety that binds to the target cell; and -   c) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the heterologous molecule.

47. The method of embodiment 46, wherein the target cell is an immune cell, such as a T cell, B cell; NK cell, dendritic cell, neutrophils, macrophages, a cancer cell; or, for example, CD3+ T cell; CD4+ T cell; CD7+ T cell, CD8+ T cell; CD19+ B cell; CD19+ cancer cell; CD20+ B cell; CD30+ lung epithelial cell; CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD105+ endothelial cell; CD105+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD117+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD133+ cancer cell; EpCAM+ cancer cell; GluA2+ neuron; GluA4+ neuron; Haematopoietic stem cell; Hepatocyte; Her2/Neu+ cancer cell; NKG2D+ natural killer cell; SLC1A3+ astrocyte; SLC7A10+ adipocyte.

48. The method of embodiments 46 or 47, wherein the targeting moiety binds to CD7, CD8, cKit (CD117), CD4, CD3, CD5, CD6, CD2, TCR alpha, TCR beta, TCR gamma, TCR delta, CD10, CD34, CD110, CD33, CD14, CD68, CCR7, CD62L, CD25, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, or CXCR3, A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on acute leukemia or lymphoma but not on hematopoietic progenitors; A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on non-hematopoietic cancers; A kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP-4); Adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3); AFP; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); Androgen receptor; Angiopoietin-binding cell surface receptor 2 (Tie 2); Auto antibody to desmoglein 1 (Dsg1); Auto antibody to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3); B7H3 (CD276); Biotin; Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2); BST1/CD157; Cancer/testis antigen 1 (NY-ESO-1); Cancer/testis antigen 2 (LAGE-1a); Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA1X); Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); CCCTC-Binding Factor (Zinc Finger Protein)-Like (BORIS or Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites); CCR4; CD5; CD19; CD20; CD22; CD24; CD30; CD32 (FCGR2A); CD33; CD34; CD38; CD44v6; CD72; CD79a; CD79b; CD97; CD99; CD123; CD171; CD179a; CD179b-IGL11; CD200R; CD276B7H3; CD300 molecule-like family member f (CD300LF); CDH1-CD324; CDH6; CDH17; CDH19; Chromosome X open reading frame 61 (CXORF61); Claudin 6 (CLDN6); Claudinl8.2 (CLD18A2 or CLDN18A.2); CMV pp65; C-MYC epitope Tag; Cripto; CS1 (also referred to as CD2 subset 1 or CRACC or SLAMF7 or CD319 or 19A24); CSF2RA (GM-CSFR-alpha); C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A); C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1 or CLECL1); Cyclin Bl; Cytochrome P450 IB 1 (CYP1B 1); DLL3; EBV-EBNA3c; EGF-bke module- containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2); Elongation factor 2 mutated (ELF2M); Ephrin B2; Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2); Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRviii); Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM); ERG; ETS translocation-variant gene 6 located on chromosome 12p (ETV6-AML); Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR or CD89); Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5); Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP); FITC; Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3); Folate receptor alpha (FRa or FR1); Folate receptor beta (FRb); Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR); Fos-related antigen 1; Fucosyl-GMl; G protein coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D); G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20); GAD; Ganglioside G2 (GD2) ; Ganglioside GD3 (aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); Ganglioside GM3 (aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDClalp(1- 4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); GD3; GFRalpha4; Glycoprotein 100 (gplOO); Glypican-3 (GPC3); Gonadotropin Hormone receptor (CGHR or GR); GpA33; GpNMB; GPRC5D; Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC); Heat shock protein 70-2 mutated (mut hsp70-2); Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1); Hexasaccharide portion of globoH glycoceramide (GloboH); High molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMWMAA); HIV1 envelope glycoprotein; HLA; HLA-DOA; HLA-A; HLA-A2; HLA-B; HLA-C; HLA-DM; HLA-DOB; HLA-DP; HLA-DQ; HLA-DR; HLA-G; HTLV1-Tax; Human papilloma virus E6 (HPV E6); Human papilloma virus E7 (HPV E7); Human Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT); IgE; IL13Ra2; IL1 1Ra; Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (IGLL1); Influenza A hemagglutinin (HA); Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-I receptor); Interleukin 11 receptor alpha (IL-11Ra); Interleukin- 13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2 or CD213A2); Intestinal carboxyl esterase; KIT (CD117); KSHV K8.1; KSHV-gH; LAMP1 ; Legumain; Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2); Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1); Leutenizing hormone receptor (LHR); Lewis(Y) antigen; Lews Ag; Livl; Locus K 9 (LY6K); Low conductance chloride channel; Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex; Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75); Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK); Mammary gland differentiation antigen (NY-BR-1); Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MelanA or MARTI); Melanoma- associated antigen 1 (MAGE-A1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-1 (MAD-CT-1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-2 (MAD-CT-2); Melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP); Mesothelin; MPL; Mucin 1 cell surface associated (MUC1); N-Acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase V (NA17); Nectin-4; Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM); NKG2D; NYBR1; O-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside (OAcGD2); Olfactory receptor 51E2 (OR51E2); Oncogene fusion protein consisting of breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Abl) (bcr-abl); P53 mutant; Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3); Paired box protein Pax-5 (PAX5); Pannexin 3 (PANX3); PDL1; P-glycoprotein; Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1); Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta); Polysialic acid; Proacrosin binding protein sp32 (OY-TES1); Prostase; Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1 (PCT A-1 or Galectin 8); Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA); Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP); Prostein; Protease Serine 21 (Testisin or PRSS21); Proteasome (Prosome Macropain) Subunit Beta Type 9 (LMP2); PTK7; Ras G12V; Ras Homolog Family Member C (RhoC); Rat sarcoma (Ras) mutant; Receptor for Advanced Gly cation Endproducts (RAGE-1); Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1); Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB2 or Her-22/neu; Renal ubiquitous 1 (RU1); Renal ubiquitous 2 (RU2); Sarcoma translocation breakpoints; Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ETS fusion gene; Sialyl Lewis adhesion molecule (sLe); SLAMF4; SLAMF6; Slea (CA19.9 or Sialyl Lewis Antigen); Sperm protein 17 (SPA17); Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Recognized By T Cells 3 (SART3); Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4); STEAP1; Survivin; Synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2 (SSX2); TCR Gamma Alternate Reading Frame Protein (TARP); TCR-beta1 chain; TCR-beta2 chain; TCR-delta chain; TCR-gamma chain; TCRgamma-delta; Telomerase; TGFbetaR2; The antigen recognized by TNT antibody; Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR); Tim1-/HVCR1; Tissue Factor 1 (TF1); Tn ag; Tn antigen ((Tn Ag) or (GalNAca-Ser/Thr)); TNF receptor family member B cell maturation (BCMA); Transglutaminase 5 (TGS5); Transmembrane protease; TROP2; Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248); Tumor endothelial marker 7-related (TEM7R); Tumor protein p53 (p53); Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72); Tyrosinase; Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2); Uroplakin 2 (UPK2); Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2); V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN); Wilms tumor protein (WT1); or X Antigen Family Member 1A (XAGE1) on the target cell.

49. A method of delivering a heterologous molecule to a target cell in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a viral vector comprising:

-   a) the VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-31; -   b) a targeting moiety that binds to the target cell; and -   c) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the heterologous molecule.

50. The method of embodiment 49, wherein the target cell is an immune cell, such as a T cell, B cell; NK cell, dendritic cell, neutrophils, macrophages, a cancer cell; or, for example, CD3+ T cell; CD4+ T cell; CD7+ T cell, CD8+ T cell; CD19+ B cell; CD19+ cancer cell; CD20+ B cell; CD20+ cancer cell; CD30+ lung epithelial cell; CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD105+ endothelial cell; CD105+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD117+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD133+ cancer cell; EpCAM+ cancer cell; GluA2+ neuron; GluA4+ neuron; Haematopoietic stem cell; Hepatocyte; Her2/Neu+ cancer cell; NKG2D+ natural killer cell; SLC1A3+ astrocyte; SLC7A10+ adipocyte.

51. The method of embodiments 49 or 50, wherein the targeting moiety binds to CD7, CD8, cKit (CD117), CD4, CD3, CD5, CD6, CD2, TCR alpha, TCR beta, TCR gamma, TCR delta, CD10, CD34, CD110, CD33, CD14, CD68, CCR7, CD62L, CD25, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, or CXCR3, A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on acute leukemia or lymphoma but not on hematopoietic progenitors; A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on non-hematopoietic cancers; A kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP-4); Adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3); AFP; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); Androgen receptor; Angiopoietin-binding cell surface receptor 2 (Tie 2); Auto antibody to desmoglein 1 (Dsgl); Auto antibody to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3); B7H3 (CD276); Biotin; Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2); BST1/CD157; Cancer/testis antigen 1 (NY-ESO-1); Cancer/testis antigen 2 (LAGE-la); Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA1X); Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); CCCTC-Binding Factor (Zinc Finger Protein)-Like (BORIS or Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites); CCR4; CD5; CD19; CD20; CD22; CD24; CD30; CD32 (FCGR2A); CD33; CD34; CD38; CD44v6; CD72; CD79a; CD79b; CD97; CD99; CD123; CD171; CD179a; CD179b-IGL11; CD200R; CD276B7H3; CD300 molecule-like family member f (CD300LF); CDH1-CD324; CDH6; CDH17; CDH19; Chromosome X open reading frame 61 (CXORF61); Claudin 6 (CLDN6); Claudinl8.2 (CLD18A2 or CLDN18A.2); CMV pp65; C-MYC epitope Tag; Cripto; CS1 (also referred to as CD2 subset 1 or CRACC or SLAMF7 or CD319 or 19A24); CSF2RA (GM-CSFR-alpha); C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A); C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1 or CLECL1); Cyclin Bl; Cytochrome P450 IB 1 (CYP1B 1); DLL3; EBV-EBNA3c; EGF-bke module- containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2); Elongation factor 2 mutated (ELF2M); Ephrin B2; Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2); Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRviii); Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM); ERG; ETS translocation-variant gene 6 located on chromosome 12p (ETV6-AML); Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR or CD89); Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5); Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP); FITC; Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3); Folate receptor alpha (FRa or FR1); Folate receptor beta (FRb); Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR); Fos-related antigen 1; Fucosyl-GMl; G protein coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D); G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20); GAD; Ganglioside G2 (GD2) ; Ganglioside GD3 (aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); Ganglioside GM3 (aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDClalp(1- 4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); GD3; GFRalpha4; Glycoprotein 100 (gplOO); Glypican-3 (GPC3); Gonadotropin Hormone receptor (CGHR or GR); GpA33; GpNMB; GPRC5D; Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC); Heat shock protein 70-2 mutated (mut hsp70-2); Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1); Hexasaccharide portion of globoH glycoceramide (GloboH); High molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMWMAA); HIV1 envelope glycoprotein; HLA; HLA-DOA; HLA-A; HLA-A2; HLA-B; HLA-C; HLA-DM; HLA-DOB; HLA-DP; HLA-DQ; HLA-DR; HLA-G; HTLVl-Tax; Human papilloma virus E6 (HPV E6); Human papilloma virus E7 (HPV E7); Human Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT); IgE; IL13Ra2; IL1 1Ra; Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (IGLL1); Influenza A hemagglutinin (HA); Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-I receptor); Interleukin 11 receptor alpha (IL-11Ra); Interleukin- 13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2 or CD213A2); Intestinal carboxyl esterase; KIT (CD117); KSHV K8.1; KSHV-gH; LAMP1 ; Legumain; Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2); Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1); Leutenizing hormone receptor (LHR); Lewis(Y) antigen; Lews Ag; Livl; Locus K 9 (LY6K); Low conductance chloride channel; Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex; Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75); Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK); Mammary gland differentiation antigen (NY-BR-1); Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MelanA or MARTI); Melanoma- associated antigen 1 (MAGE-A1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-1 (MAD-CT-1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-2 (MAD-CT-2); Melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP); Mesothelin; MPL; Mucin 1 cell surface associated (MUC1); N-Acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase V (NA17); Nectin-4; Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM); NKG2D; NYBR1; O-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside (OAcGD2); Olfactory receptor 51E2 (OR51E2); Oncogene fusion protein consisting of breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Ab1) (bcr-ab1); P53 mutant; Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3); Paired box protein Pax-5 (PAX5); Pannexin 3 (PANX3); PDL1; P-glycoprotein; Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1); Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta); Polysialic acid; Proacrosin binding protein sp32 (OY-TES1); Prostase; Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1 (PCT A-1 or Galectin 8); Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA); Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP); Prostein; Protease Serine 21 (Testisin or PRSS21); Proteasome (Prosome Macropain) Subunit Beta Type 9 (LMP2); PTK7; Ras G12V; Ras Homolog Family Member C (RhoC); Rat sarcoma (Ras) mutant; Receptor for Advanced Gly cation Endproducts (RAGE-1); Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1); Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB2 or Her-22/neu; Renal ubiquitous 1 (RU1); Renal ubiquitous 2 (RU2); Sarcoma translocation breakpoints; Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ETS fusion gene; Sialyl Lewis adhesion molecule (sLe); SLAMF4; SLAMF6; Slea (CA19.9 or Sialyl Lewis Antigen); Sperm protein 17 (SPA17); Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Recognized By T Cells 3 (SART3); Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4); STEAP1; Survivin; Synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2 (SSX2); TCR Gamma Alternate Reading Frame Protein (TARP); TCR-beta1 chain; TCR-beta2 chain; TCR-delta chain; TCR-gamma chain; TCRgamma-delta; Telomerase; TGFbetaR2; The antigen recognized by TNT antibody; Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR); Tim1-/HVCR1; Tissue Factor 1 (TF1); Tn ag; Tn antigen ((Tn Ag) or (GalNAca-Ser/Thr)); TNF receptor family member B cell maturation (BCMA); Transglutaminase 5 (TGS5); Transmembrane protease; TROP2; Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248); Tumor endothelial marker 7-related (TEM7R); Tumor protein p53 (p53); Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72); Tyrosinase; Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2); Uroplakin 2 (UPK2); Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2); V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN); Wilms tumor protein (WT1); or X Antigen Family Member 1A (XAGE1) on the target cell.

52. The method of any one of embodiments 46-51, wherein the heterologous molecule is an siRNA, an shRNA, a non-coding RNA (e.g. a guide RNA for a CRISPR system), a peptide, a polypeptide, a protein, a viral payload, a viral genome, or a combination thereof, such as a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”).

53. A method of treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a viral vector comprising:

-   a) the VSV-G polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-31; -   b) a targeting moiety that binds to the target cell; and -   c) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the heterologous molecule.

54. The method of embodiment 53, wherein the heterologous molecule is a chimeric antigen receptor.

55. The method of embodiments 53 or 54, wherein the target cell is an immune cell, such as a T cell, B cell; NK cell, dendritic cell, neutrophils, macrophages, a cancer cell; or, for example, CD3+ T cell; CD4+ T cell; CD7+ T cell, CD8+ T cell; CD19+ B cell; CD19+ cancer cell; CD20+ B cell; CD30+ lung epithelial cell; CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD105+ endothelial cell; CD105+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD117+ haematopoietic stem cell; CD133+ cancer cell; EpCAM+ cancer cell; GluA2+ neuron; GluA4+ neuron; Haematopoietic stem cell; Hepatocyte; Her2/Neu+ cancer cell; NKG2D+ natural killer cell; SLC1A3+ astrocyte; SLC7A10+ adipocyte.

56. The method of any one of embodiments 53-55, wherein the targeting moiety binds to CD7, CD8, cKit (CD117), CD4, CD3, CD5, CD6, CD2, TCR alpha, TCR beta, TCR gamma, TCR delta, CD10, CD34, CD110, CD33, CD14, CD68, CCR7, CD62L, CD25, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, or CXCR3, A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on acute leukemia or lymphoma but not on hematopoietic progenitors; A glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on non-hematopoietic cancers; A kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP-4); Adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3); AFP; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); Androgen receptor; Angiopoietin-binding cell surface receptor 2 (Tie 2); Auto antibody to desmoglein 1 (Dsg1); Auto antibody to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3); B7H3 (CD276); Biotin; Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2); BST1/CD157; Cancer/testis antigen 1 (NY-ESO-1); Cancer/testis antigen 2 (LAGE-1a); Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA1X); Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); CCCTC-Binding Factor (Zinc Finger Protein)-Like (BORIS or Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites); CCR4; CD5; CD19; CD20; CD22; CD24; CD30; CD32 (FCGR2A); CD33; CD34; CD38; CD44v6; CD72; CD79a; CD79b; CD97; CD99; CD123; CD171; CD179a; CD179b-IGLll; CD200R; CD276B7H3; CD300 molecule-like family member f (CD300LF); CDH1-CD324; CDH6; CDH17; CDH19; Chromosome X open reading frame 61 (CXORF61); Claudin 6 (CLDN6); Claudinl8.2 (CLD18A2 or CLDN18A.2); CMV pp65; C-MYC epitope Tag; Cripto; CS1 (also referred to as CD2 subset 1 or CRACC or SLAMF7 or CD319 or 19A24); CSF2RA (GM-CSFR-alpha); C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A); C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1 or CLECL1); Cyclin Bl; Cytochrome P450 IB 1 (CYP1B 1); DLL3; EBV-EBNA3c; EGF-bke module- containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2); Elongation factor 2 mutated (ELF2M); Ephrin B2; Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2); Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRviii); Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM); ERG; ETS translocation-variant gene 6 located on chromosome 12p (ETV6-AML); Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR or CD89); Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5); Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP); FITC; Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3); Folate receptor alpha (FRa or FR1); Folate receptor beta (FRb); Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR); Fos-related antigen 1; Fucosyl-GMl; G protein coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D); G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20); GAD; Ganglioside G2 (GD2) ; Ganglioside GD3 (aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); Ganglioside GM3 (aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDClalp(1- 4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); GD3; GFRalpha4; Glycoprotein 100 (gplOO); Glypican-3 (GPC3); Gonadotropin Hormone receptor (CGHR or GR); GpA33; GpNMB; GPRC5D; Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC); Heat shock protein 70-2 mutated (mut hsp70-2); Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1); Hexasaccharide portion of globoH glycoceramide (GloboH); High molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMWMAA); HIV1 envelope glycoprotein; HLA; HLA-DOA; HLA-A; HLA-A2; HLA-B; HLA-C; HLA-DM; HLA-DOB; HLA-DP; HLA-DQ; HLA-DR; HLA-G; HTLVl-Tax; Human papilloma virus E6 (HPV E6); Human papilloma virus E7 (HPV E7); Human Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT); IgE; IL13Ra2; IL1 1Ra; Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (IGLL1); Influenza A hemagglutinin (HA); Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-I receptor); Interleukin 11 receptor alpha (IL-11Ra); Interleukin- 13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2 or CD213A2); Intestinal carboxyl esterase; KIT (CD117); KSHV K8.1; KSHV-gH; LAMP1 ; Legumain; Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2); Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1); Leutenizing hormone receptor (LHR); Lewis(Y) antigen; Lews Ag; Liv1; Locus K 9 (LY6K); Low conductance chloride channel; Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex; Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75); Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK); Mammary gland differentiation antigen (NY-BR-1); Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MelanA or MARTI); Melanoma- associated antigen 1 (MAGE-A1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-1 (MAD-CT-1); Melanoma cancer testis antigen-2 (MAD-CT-2); Melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP); Mesothelin; MPL; Mucin 1 cell surface associated (MUC1); N-Acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase V (NA17); Nectin-4; Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM); NKG2D; NYBR1; O-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside (OAcGD2); Olfactory receptor 51E2 (OR51E2); Oncogene fusion protein consisting of breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Ab1) (bcr-ab1); P53 mutant; Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3); Paired box protein Pax-5 (PAX5); Pannexin 3 (PANX3); PDL1; P-glycoprotein; Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1); Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta); Polysialic acid; Proacrosin binding protein sp32 (OY-TES1); Prostase; Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1 (PCT A-1 or Galectin 8); Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA); Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP); Prostein; Protease Serine 21 (Testisin or PRSS21); Proteasome (Prosome Macropain) Subunit Beta Type 9 (LMP2); PTK7; Ras G12V; Ras Homolog Family Member C (RhoC); Rat sarcoma (Ras) mutant; Receptor for Advanced Gly cation Endproducts (RAGE-1); Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1); Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB2 or Her-22/neu; Renal ubiquitous 1 (RU1); Renal ubiquitous 2 (RU2); Sarcoma translocation breakpoints; Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ETS fusion gene; Sialyl Lewis adhesion molecule (sLe); SLAMF4; SLAMF6; Slea (CA19.9 or Sialyl Lewis Antigen); Sperm protein 17 (SPA17); Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Recognized By T Cells 3 (SART3); Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4); STEAP1; Survivin; Synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2 (SSX2); TCR Gamma Alternate Reading Frame Protein (TARP); TCR-beta1 chain; TCR-beta2 chain; TCR-delta chain; TCR-gamma chain; TCRgamma-delta; Telomerase; TGFbetaR2; The antigen recognized by TNT antibody; Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR); Tim1-/HVCR1; Tissue Factor 1 (TF1); Tn ag; Tn antigen ((Tn Ag) or (GalNAca-Ser/Thr)); TNF receptor family member B cell maturation (BCMA); Transglutaminase 5 (TGS5); Transmembrane protease; TROP2; Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248); Tumor endothelial marker 7-related (TEM7R); Tumor protein p53 (p53); Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72); Tyrosinase; Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2); Uroplakin 2 (UPK2); Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2); V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN); Wilms tumor protein (WT1); or X Antigen Family Member 1A (XAGE1) on the target cell.

57. The method of any one of embodiments 53-56, wherein the cancer is a cancer as provided for herein, such as a T cell or B cell disorder.

58. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 35-45, wherein the targeting moiety binds to CD7.

59. The viral particle of embodiment 58, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising: (i) a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; or variants of any of the foregoing.

60. The viral particle of embodiment 59, wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37.

61. The viral particle of embodiments 59 and 60, wherein the light chain comprises: a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

62. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 59-61, wherein the polypeptide comprises a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

63. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 59-62, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

64. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 59-63, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

65. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 59-64, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

66. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 59-65, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 48.

67. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 59-66, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are, or are not, linked by a linker, such as a peptide linker, which can be for example, a glycine/serine linker.

68. The viral particle of embodiment 67, wherein the peptide linker comprises a sequence of (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein n is independently 1-5.

69. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 58-68, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51.

70. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 58-68, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52.

71. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 35-45, wherein the targeting moiety binds to CD8.

72. The viral particle of embodiment 71, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide that comprises: a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; or variants of any of the foregoing.

73. The viral particle of embodiment 72, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a heavy chain that comprises a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57.

74. The viral particle of embodiment 72 or 73, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a light chain that comprises a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

75. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 72-74, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

76. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 72-75, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and

a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

77. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 72-75, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and

a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

78. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 72-75, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and

a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

79. The viral particle of embodiment 71, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 67, and the light chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 68.

80. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 72-79, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are, or are not, linked by a linker, such as a peptide linker.

81. The viral particle of embodiment 80, wherein the peptide linker is a glycine/serine linker.

82. The viral particle of embodiments 80 or 81, wherein the peptide linker comprises a sequence of (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5.

83. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 71-82, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69.

84. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 71-82, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70.

85. The method of any one of embodiments 46-57, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to the target cell binds to CD7.

86. The method of embodiment 85, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising: (i)a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; or variants of any of the foregoing.

87. The method of embodiment 86, wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37.

88. The method of embodiments 86 and 87, wherein the light chain comprises: a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

89. The method of any one of embodiments 86-88, wherein the polypeptide comprises a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

90. The method of any one of embodiments 86-89, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

91. The method of any one of embodiments 86-90, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

92. The method of any one of embodiments 86-91, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

93. The method of any one of embodiments 86-92, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 48.

94. The method of any one of embodiments 86-93, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are, or are not, linked by a linker, such as a peptide linker, which can be for example, a glycine/serine linker.

95. The method of embodiment 94, wherein the peptide linker comprises a sequence of (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein n is independently 1-5.

96. The method of any one of embodiments 85-95, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51.

97. The method of any one of embodiments 85-95, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52.

98. The method of any one of embodiments 46-57, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to the target cell binds to CD8.

99. The method of embodiment 98, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide that comprises: a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; or variants of any of the foregoing.

100. The method of embodiment 99, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a heavy chain that comprises a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57.

101. The method of embodiment 99 or 100, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a light chain that comprises a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

102. The method of any one of embodiments 99-101, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

103. The method of any one of embodiments 99-102, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and

a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

104. The method of any one of embodiments 99-102, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and

a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

105. The method of any one of embodiments 99-102, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and

a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

106. The method of embodiment 98, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 67, and the light chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 68.

107. The method of any one of embodiments 99-106, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are, or are not, linked by a linker, such as a peptide linker.

108. The method of embodiment 107, wherein the peptide linker is a glycine/serine linker.

109. The method of embodiments 107 or 108, wherein the peptide linker comprises a sequence of (GGGGS)_(n) (SEQ ID NO: 49), wherein each n is independently 1-5.

110. The method of any one of embodiments 98-109, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69.

111. The method of any one of embodiments 98-109, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70.

112. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 40-45 or 58-84, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 85%. 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

113. The viral particle of embodiment 112, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

114. The viral particle of embodiment 112, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

115. The viral particle of embodiment 112, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

116. The viral particle of embodiment 112, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

117. The viral particle of embodiment 112, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75.

118. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 40-45 or 58-84, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 85%. 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

119. The viral particle of embodiment 118, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

120. The viral particle of embodiment 118, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

121. The viral particle of embodiment 118, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

122. The viral particle of embodiment 118, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

123. The viral particle of embodiment 118, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76.

124. The method of any one of embodiments 46-57 or 85-111 wherein the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 85%. 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

125. The method of embodiment 124, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

126. The method of embodiment 124, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

127. The method of embodiment 124, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

128. The method of embodiment 124, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 75.

129. The method of embodiment 124, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75.

130. The method of any one of embodiments 46-57 or 85-111 wherein the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 85%. 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

131. The method of embodiment 130, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

132. The method of embodiment 130, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

133. The method of embodiment 130, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 98% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

134. The method of embodiment 130, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having an amino acid sequence having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 76.

135. The method of embodiment 130, wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76.

136. A viral particle comprising a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 or CD8, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

137. The viral particle of embodiment 136, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising: (i)

a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; or variants of any of the foregoing.

138. The viral particle of embodiment 137, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37.

139. The viral particle of embodiment 137, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a light chain comprising: a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

140. The viral particle of embodiment 137, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprises a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

141. The viral particle of embodiment 137, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a light chain and a heavy chain, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

141. The viral particle of embodiment 141, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

142. The viral particle embodiment 141, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

143. The viral particle embodiment 141, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 48.

144. The viral particle of embodiment 136, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51.

145. The viral particle of embodiment 136, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52.

146. The viral particle of embodiment 136, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety binds to CD8.

147. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide that comprises: a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; or variants of any of the foregoing.

148. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a heavy chain that comprises a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57.

149. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a light chain that comprises a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

150. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

150. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

151. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

152. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

153. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 67, and the light chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 68.

154. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69.

155. The viral particle of embodiment 146, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70.

156. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 136-155, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the viral particle is a lentivirus derived viral particle.

157. The viral particle of any one of embodiments 136-156, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the viral particle comprises a heterologous fusogenic protein, such as a glycoprotein from such as those provided for herein .

158. The viral particle of embodiment 157, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the fusogenic protein is a VSV-G protein.

159. The viral particle of embodiment 158, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the VSV-G protein is a mutant VSV-G protein.

160. The viral particle of embodiment 159, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the mutant VSV-G protein abrogates binding to its natural co-receptor, such as LDL-R.

161. The viral particle of embodiment 159, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the mutant VSV-G protein comprises a polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-30.

162. The viral particle of embodiment 159, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the viral particle comprises a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chimeric antigen receptor.

163. The viral particle of embodiment 162, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an antigen binding domain that binds to CD20.

164. The viral particle of embodiment 163, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, wherein the antigen binding domain that binds to CD20 comprises a VH and VL as provided for herein.

165. A method of delivering a heterologous molecule to a CD7+ or CD8+ target cell or a method of treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising contacting a cell with, or administering to the subject, a pseudotyped viral vector comprising a targeting moiety that specifically binds to CD7 or CD8 on the target cell and a nucleic acid molecule encoding the heterologous molecule, wherein:

-   i) the targeting moiety that binds to CD7 comprises:     -   a polypeptide comprising: (i) a heavy chain variable region         comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein         the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ         ID NO: 35; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of         SEQ ID NO: 36; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino         acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or variants of any of the         foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising         light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light         chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:         38; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of         SEQ ID NO: 39; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino         acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; or variants of any of the         foregoing;     -   a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region having at         least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, wherein the         polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ         ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; and HCDR3 as set         forth in SEQ ID NO: 37;     -   a light chain comprising: a light chain variable region having         at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the         polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ         ID NO: 38; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set         forth in SEQ ID NO: 40;     -   a polypeptide comprises a heavy chain and a light chain         comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain         having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, and a         light chain variable region of the light chain having at least         90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein polypeptide         maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35;         HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ         ID NO: 37; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCD2 as set         forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40;     -   a light chain and a heavy chain, wherein the light chain and a         heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy         chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47;         and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at         least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48;     -   a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least         95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain         variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence         identity to SEQ ID NO: 48;     -   a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least         99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain         variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence         identity to SEQ ID NO: 48;     -   a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 47, and a         light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 48; a         polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence         identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ         ID NO: 51, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, or a         sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51; or     -   a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence         identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 95% sequence identity         to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ         ID NO: 52, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52; or -   ii) the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises:     -   a polypeptide that comprises: a heavy chain variable region         comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein         the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ         ID NO: 55; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of         SEQ ID NO: 56; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino         acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, or variants of any of the         foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising         light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light         chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:         58; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of         SEQ ID NO: 59; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino         acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; or variants of any of the         foregoing;     -   a heavy chain that comprises a heavy chain variable region         having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, wherein         the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in         SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; and HCDR3 as         set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57;     -   a light chain that comprises a light chain variable region         having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein         the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in         SEQ ID NO: 58; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as         set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60;     -   a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain         comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain         having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, and a         light chain variable region of the light chain having at least         90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein polypeptide         maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55;         HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ         ID NO: 57; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCD2 as set         forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60;     -   a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain         comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain         having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a         light chain variable region of the light chain having at least         90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68;     -   a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain         comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain         having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a         light chain variable region of the light chain having at least         95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68;     -   a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain         comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain         having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a         light chain variable region of the light chain having at least         99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68;     -   a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain         comprising: wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises         SEQ ID NO: 67, and the light chain variable region comprises SEQ         ID NO: 68;     -   a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence         identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ         ID NO: 69, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, or a         sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69; or     -   a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence         identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 95% sequence identity         to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ         ID NO: 70, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70.

166. The method of embodiment 165, wherein the pseudotyped viral particle is a pseudotyped lentivirus derived viral particle.

167. The method of embodiments 165 or 166,wherein the pseudotyped viral particle comprises a heterologous fusogenic protein, such as a glycoprotein from those provided for herein .

168. The method of embodiment 167,wherein the fusogenic protein is a VSV-G protein.

169. The method of embodiment 168, wherein the VSV-G protein is a mutant VSV-G protein.

170. The method of embodiment 169, wherein the mutant VSV-G protein abrogates binding to its natural co-receptor, such as LDL-R.

171. The method of embodiment 169, wherein the mutant VSV-G protein comprises a polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-30.

172. The method of any one of embodiments 165-171, wherein the heterologous nucleic acid molecule encodes for an siRNA, an shRNA, a non-coding RNA, a peptide, a polypeptide, a protein, a viral payload, a viral genome, a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”) or a combination thereof.

173. The method of embodiment 172, wherein the heterologous nucleic acid molecule encodes for a chimeric antigen receptor.

174. The method of embodiment 173, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an antigen binding domain that binds to CD20.

175. The method of embodiment 174, wherein the antigen binding domain that binds to CD20 comprises a VH and VL as provided for herein and linked polypeptides comprising the same.

176. A cell comprising one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecules encoding for a targeting moiety and a viral glycoprotein.

177. The cell of embodiment 176, wherein the heterologous nucleic acid molecules comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding for a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 or CD8.

178. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding for a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising: (i)a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; or variants of any of the foregoing.

179. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid molecule that encodes for a targeting moiety that binds CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37.

180. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid molecule that encodes for a targeting moiety that binds CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising a light chain comprising: a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

181. The cell of embodiment 166, wherein the nucleic acid molecule that encodes for a targeting moiety that binds CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.

182. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid molecule that encodes for a targeting moiety that binds CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain, wherein the light chain and a heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

183. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid molecule that encodes for a targeting moiety that binds CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain that comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

184. The cell of embodiment 183, wherein the light chain and the heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 47; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 48.

185. The cell of embodiment 183, wherein the light chain and the heavy chain comprise: a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 48.

186. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding for a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 51, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51.

187. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding for a targeting moiety that binds to CD7 encodes for a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 52, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52.

188. The cell of embodiment 177, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding for a targeting moiety that binds to CD8.

189. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide that comprises: a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the heavy chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; the heavy chain CDR2 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56; and the heavy chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, or variants of any of the foregoing; and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein the light chain CDR1 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; the light chain CDR2 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and the light chain CDR3 sequence has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; or variants of any of the foregoing.

190. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the targeting moiety comprises a heavy chain that comprises a heavy chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; and HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57.

191. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a light chain that comprises a light chain variable region having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein the polypeptide maintains the sequences of LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

192. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein polypeptide maintains the sequences of HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55; HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56; HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57; LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58; LCD2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60.

193. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

194. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

195. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: a heavy chain variable region of the heavy chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 67; and a light chain variable region of the light chain having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68.

196. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the CD8 targeting moiety comprises a polypeptide comprising a light chain and a heavy chain comprising: wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 67, and the light chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 68.

197. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 69.

198. The cell of embodiment 188, wherein the targeting moiety that binds to CD8 comprises a polypeptide comprising a sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70, or a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70.

199. The cells of any one of embodiments 176-198, wherein the heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the viral glycoprotein is a glycoprotein of any one of embodiments 1-30.

200. A cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of embodiment 31, the vector of embodiment 32, or the plasmid of embodiment 33.

201. A method of making a viral particle comprising culturing the cell of any one of embodiments 176-198 under conditions sufficient to make the viral particle.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are illustrative, but not limiting, of the compounds, compositions, particles, polypeptids, and methods described herein. Other suitable modifications and adaptations known to those skilled in the art are within the scope of the following embodiments.

Example 1: Mutation at Position 182 of VSV-G Abrogates LDL-R Interaction, but Retains Fusing Properties

Plasmids/Sequences. All VSV-G plasmids were derived from pCMV-VSV-G Envelope Vector (Cell Bio Labs, catalog RV-110). Point mutations and combinations thereof were introduced using site directed mutagenesis (New England Biolabs). Individual mutations H8A and K47Q were previously shown to partially “blind” VSV-G, reducing its binding to LDL-R, the native cellular receptor for VSV (PMID: 29531262, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03432-4). In this experiment, a single binder molecule consisting of a CD7-targeting scFv (clone MT701) fused to an IgG “stalk” bearing a CD28 transmembrane domain was used.

Cells. HEK293T cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS. SupT1 cells were maintained in RPMI media with 10% FBS. Human PBMCs were purchased from AllCells and cultured in X-Vivo 10 (Lonza) supplemented with 20 ng/mL IL-2 (Peprotech). PBMCs were activated 48 hours prior to transduction using anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads (Cell Therapy Systems).

Generation of lentiviral particles. The recombinant lentiviral particles co-expressing VSV-G glycoprotein and binder molecules were generated by plasmid transection into HEK293T cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (ThermoFisher Scientific). A total of 5 plasmids were transfected: (1) plasmid expressing the VSV-G glycoprotein, (2) plasmid expressing the binder protein (3) plasmid expressing the lentiviral transfer genome encoding for eGFP, (4) plasmid expressing gag-pol, and (5) plasmid expressing rev. Transfected cell supernatant was harvested 48 hours later. Virus in the cell supernatant was concentrated by centrifugation through a sucrose cushion and resuspended in PBS. Lentiviral particle titer was determined using the Lenti-X p24 Rapid Titer Kit (Takara Bio, San Jose, CA).

Lentivirus transduction assay. A series of 10-fold dilutions (in cell culture media) of the concentrated lentivirus was performed and used to infect SupT1 and activated human PBMCs. Media was replaced 6 hours later, and the transduced cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 4 and 7 after transduction. Cells were stained with a viability stain and an anti-CD7 antibody to detect CD7 positive cells (PeCy7 mouse-anti-human CD7, clone CD7-6B7, BD Biosciences). Expression of eGFP was measured to calculate transduction efficiency.

Structure-guided design of novel blinding mutations. Using a published crystal structures of VSV-G bound to CR2 and CR3 of the LDL-R (pdb 50YL and 50Y9, respectively), we identified two putative positions in VSV-G with side chains oriented toward the binding interface on LDL-R (FIG. 1 ). Residue Q10 (SEQ ID NO: 2) appeared to form several interactions with residues in both CR2 and CR3. In CR3, this included interactions with a positively charged arginine residue. Thus, three substitutions were tested: Q10A to reduce side-chain interactions that potentially stabilize LDL-R binding and Q10R and Q10K to create electrostatic repulsion.

Residue I182 (SEQ ID NO: 2) appeared to contact several residues in both CR2 and CR3 as well. Three substitutions were tested: I182A to reduce side-chain interactions that potentially stabilize LDL-R binding and I182D and I182E to create electrostatic repulsion against the primary binding interfaces on LDL-R.

Addition of negative charges in the binding interface ablate native tropism without altering fusogenicity. Titration of viral supernatants on the CD7+ T cell line SupT1 validated the structural predictions for residue I182. In the absence of any compensatory binder molecule, WT VSV-G reached titers of 3.0e8 while both I182D and I182E were ~3 orders of magnitude lower (FIG. 2 ). Substitutions at residue I182 preserved fusogenicity, as titers were restored to 1e8 in the presence of a binder redirecting the virions to CD7.

The data is illustrated in FIG. 2 , which shows that the addition of negative charges in the binding interface ablate native tropism without altering fusogenicity. FIG. 2A shows the titration of VSV-G constructs on SupT1 cells. Plotted is the percentage of SupT1 cells expressing GFP at each amount of viral input in terms of p24 antigen. Dashed lines/open circles indicate VSV-G constructs alone, solid lines/filled circles indicate the same construct with a CD7 targeting molecule expressed in trans. FIG. 2B illustrates Functional titer of each construct calculated from the titration in A, expressed as transducing units per mL of concentrated virus supernatant (TU/mL).

Thus these examples demonstrate that a mutation at position 182 is sufficient to abrogate the LDL-R interaction, but retain fusogenic properties when combining with a targeting moiety that binds to a target on the target cell.

Example 2: Serum Stable VSV-G Protein

WT VSV-G is reported to be sensitive to inactivation by naive human serum, with inactivation ranging from minimal change to about 100-fold decrease depending on study parameters. Accordingly, it was assessed i) whether substitution at position 1182 produced a variant VSV-G with similar sensitivity to serum and ii) whether incorporation of known serum stabilizing VSV-G mutations into the I182 substituted constructs had an effect on the serum stability of the constructs.

WT VSV-G, Serum Stable VSV-G (T214N, T352A), LDL-R de-targeted VSV-G (I182E), and LDL-R de-targeted serum stable VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) were tested for their ability to infect SupT1 cells in the presence or absence of naive serum or heat inactivated serum (HI) (FIG. 4 ). As expected WT VSV-G had a dramatic decrease in percent infectivity when administered in the presence of serum with a mild rescue of infectivity if serum was heat inactivated (HI) (FIG. 4 , columns 1-3). The inclusion of the CD7 targeting moiety on an IgG1 Fc stalk (WT) did not rescue the serum inactivation (FIG. 4 , columns 4-6). The VSV-G constructs harboring the T214N and T352A mutations showed a similar reduction in infectivity in the presence of serum with no distinction between naïve or HI serum (FIG. 4 , columns 7-9). However, the inclusion of the targeting moiety was able to partially rescue the inactivation in either serum condition (FIG. 4 , columns 10-12). Surprisingly, the LDL-R de-targeted VSV-G (I182E) showed no reduction in infectivity percentage in the presence of either serum condition (FIG. 4 , columns 13-15), but rather showed increased infectivity in the presence of naive serum as compared to serum free or HI serum conditions. Further inclusion of the known serum stable mutations into VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) also demonstrated increased infectivity in the presence of serum as compared to serum free conditions (FIG. 4 , columns 16-18). Further, the I182E, T214N, T352A construct also demonstrates increased infectivity in the presence of HI serum (FIG. 4 , column 18), which indicates that the triple mutant construct has a higher degree of serum stability than the other constructs examined.

To further characterize the effect of including serum stabilizing mutations in the viral constructs of the present application, WT VSV-G, VSV-G (I182E), and VSV-G (I182E, T230N, T352A) were assessed at a lower dose of vector (FIG. 5 ). In agreement with the previous assessment, WT VSV-G showed decreased infectivity in serum as compared to no-serum conditions (FIG. 5 , columns 1 and 2). However, heat inactivation (HI) of serum did appear to have a rescuing effect on WT VSV-G infectivity (FIG. 5 , column 3). In further agreement with the previous assessment, VSV-G (I182E) demonstrated enhanced infectivity in the presence of serum as compared to no serum conditions (FIG. 5 , columns 4 and 5). The presence of HI serum also resulted in an increased infectivity compared to no serum, with a smaller effect than naive serum (FIG. 5 , column 6). VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) also demonstrated increased infectivity in serum and HI serum conditions as compared to no serum conditions (FIG. 5 , columns 7-9), in agreement with the previous assessment. Further, when compared to the respective no serum condition, VSV-G (I182E, T230N, T352A) results in a greater percent increased infectivity compared to VSV-G (I182E), suggesting that inclusion of all three mutations results in greater serum stability than just I182E alone.

Thus, these examples demonstrate that i) the LDL-R detargeting mutation I182E affords an unexpected level of protection against the serum inactivation observed for WT VSV-G, ii) the LDL-R detargeting mutation I182E does not abrogate the serum stabilizing effect of the T230N + T352A mutations, and iii) the combined mutation construct VSV-G (I182E, T230N, T352A) appears to have a greater serum stabilizing effect than either I182E alone or T230N + T352A alone. Thus, VSV-G (I182E, T230N, T352A) is able to ablate native tropism without alternating fusogenicity and additionally demonstrates a more stable profile and is not neutralized in serum.

Example 3: CD7 Targeting Moiety Can Be Linked to a Fc Stalk to Transduce PBMCs Generation of Plasmids and Sequences

The amino acid sequence including CDRs of the CD7 binder was determined via mass spectrometry (Rapid Novor). CD7 binder sequences were synthesized by IDT or GenScript (Piscataway, NJ) using codon optimization for human expression and inserted onto viral glycoprotein or IgG-based stalks and flanked by a G4S linker. An example viral glycoprotein is a Nipah-G protein with the CD7 binder attached to the extracellular region. An example IgG-based stalk was a human IgG1 Fc dimer with a CD8 or CD28 transmembrane region and an envelope incorporating motif with the CD7 binder attached to the extracellular region. The resulting binders were expressed under the direction of a CMV promoter.

Generation of Engineered Lentiviral Particles

The recombinant lentiviral particles expressing the CD7 binder incorporated on the surface were generated by plasmid transection into HEK293T cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (ThermoFisher Scientific). In some embodiments, a total of 5 plasmids were transfected: (1) plasmid expressing the CD7 binder with the IgG stalk or a plasmid expressing the CD7 binder on a Nipah-G protein, (2) plasmid expressing a detargeted-VSV-G protein, (3) lentiviral genome expressing eGFP, (4) plasmid expressing gag-pol, (5) plasmid expressing rev.In some embodiments, a total of 5 plasmids were transfected: (1) plasmid expressing the CD7 binder with the Nipah-G protein, (2) plasmid expressing Nipah-F protein, (3) lentiviral genome expressing eGFP, (4) plasmid expressing gag-pol, (5) plasmid expressing rev. Media was changed 6 hours after transfection and cells were harvested 48 hours later. Virus in the media was concentrated by centrifugation through a sucrose cushion and resuspended in media. Lentiviral particle titer was determined using the Lenti-X p24 Rapid Titer Kit (Takara Bio, San Jose, CA)

CD7 binders attach to both human and non-human primate PBMCs, leading to CD7+ cell transduction.

Human PBMC cells were maintained in X-Vivo10 media with 5% human serum and 20 ng/mL of human IL-2. Non-human primate cells were maintained in RPMI media with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep with 1 mM Sodium Pyruvate and 100units/mL hIL-2. Concentrated lentivirus was used to infect human and non-human primate cells. Media was replaced 24 hours later, and the transduced cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 4 and 7 after transduction. Cells were stained with an anti-CD7 antibody to detect CD7 positive cells (PE-Cy7 mouse-anti-human CD7, clone MT-701, Biolegend) as well as GFP expression. Cell viability was also determined. CD7 binders attached to Paramyxoviridae glycoproteins, such as Nipah-G (FIGS. 6A-D and FIGS. 7A-D) or with Rhabdoviridae glycoproteins, such as VSV-G (FIGS. 6I-L and FIGS. 7I-L) successfully transduced human PBMCs (FIGS. 6A-L) or NHP PBMCs (FIGS. 7A-L) compared to the binder alone (FIGS. 6E-H and FIGS. 7E-H) which shows no transduction. When CD7 with an IgG stalk was tested, the binder alone (top row) again did not transduce human (FIG. 6M) or NHP PBMCs (FIG. 7M) but when administered with detargeted VSV-G, transduction was seen in both human (FIG. 6M, bottom panel) and NHP PBMCs (FIG. 7M, bottom panel). GFP transduction experiments were repeated as described above for detargeted VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral constructs with CD7 binders. Results of the repeat experiments were in agreement with the data of FIGS. 6 and 7 and are provided in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 WT VSVG Detartgeted VSVG CD7 Binder (SEQ ID NO. 51) CD7 Binder (SEQ ID NO. 52) CD8 Binder (SEQ ID NO. 69) CD7 Binder (SEQ ID NO. 70) Human PBMC Transduction (% positive) 52.76 0.00798 19.32 21.55 4.09 3.17 NHP PBMC Transduction (% positive) 48.4 0.026 2.61 5.64 1.8 0.76

These examples and embodiments demonstrate that the polypeptides can be used to bind to CD7 and target viral particles to cells expressing CD7 to transduce the cells expressing CD7.

Example 4: CD8 Targeting Moiety Can Be Linked to a Fc Stalk to Transduce PBMCs Generation of Plasmids and Sequences

The amino acid sequence including CDRs of the CD8 binder was determined via mass spectrometry (Rapid Novor). CD8 binder sequences were synthesized by IDT or GenScript (Piscataway, NJ) using codon optimization for human expression and inserted onto viral glycoprotein or IgG-based stalks and flanked by a G4S linker. An example viral glycoprotein is a Nipah-G protein with the CD8 binder attached to the extracellular region. An example IgG-based stalk was a human IgG1 Fc dimer with a CD8 or CD28 transmembrane region and an envelope incorporating motif with the CD8 binder attached to the extracellular region. The resulting binders were expressed under the direction of a CMV promoter.

Generation of Engineered Lentiviral Particles

The recombinant lentiviral particles expressing the CD8 binder incorporated on the surface were generated by plasmid transection into HEK293T cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (ThermoFisher Scientific). In some embodiments, a total of 5 plasmids were transfected: (1) plasmid expressing the CD8 binder with the IgG stalk, (2) plasmid expressing a detargeted-VSV-G protein, (3) lentiviral genome expressing eGFP, (4) plasmid expressing gag-pol, (5) plasmid expressing rev. In some embodiments, the lentiviral genome expressing eGFP was replaced with a CAR molecule. Media was changed 6 hours after transfection and cells were harvested 48 hours later. Virus in the media was concentrated by centrifugation through a sucrose cushion and resuspended in media. Lentiviral particle titer was determined using the Lenti-X p24 Rapid Titer Kit (Takara Bio, San Jose, CA).

CD8 binders attach to both human and non-human primate PBMCs, leading to CD8+ cell transduction.

Human PBMC cells were maintained in X-Vivo10 media with 5% human serum and 20 ng/mL of human IL-2. Non-human primate cells were maintained in RPMI media with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep with 1 mM Sodium Pyruvate and 100units/mL hIL-2. Concentrated lentivirus was used to infect human and non-human primate cells. Media was replaced 24 hours later, and the transduced cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on day 6 after transduction. Cells were stained with an anti-CD8 antibody to detect CD8 positive cells (BV421 mouse-anti-human CD8, clone RPA-T8, Biolegend) as well as GFP or CAR20 expression. Cell viability was also determined. CD8 binders with detargeted VSV-G successfully transduced human PBMCs (FIG. 8A) or NHP PBMCs (FIG. 8B) with GFP (FIGS. 8A-8B, top row) and CAR20 (FIGS. 8A-8B, bottom row). GFP transduction experiments were repeated as described above for detargeted VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral constructs with CD8 binders. Results of the repeat experiments were in agreement with the data of FIG. 8 and are provided in Table 1 above.

These examples and embodiments demonstrate that the polypeptides can be used to bind to CD8 and target viral particles to cells expressing CD8 to transduce the cells expressing CD8.

Example 5: Binder Construct Affects Transgene Expression

Concentrated lentivirus was used to transduce SupT1 cells. Media was replaced 24 hours later, and the transduced cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cells were stained with an anti-CD8 antibody to detect CD8 positive cells or an anti-CD7 antibody to detect CD7 positive cells as well as GFP or CAR20 expression.

Lentiviral constructs utilizing CD7 or CD8 binders as provided for herein exhibited comparable GFP transduction (FIG. 9A). Binder orientation (VH-VL vs VL-VH) had minimal effect on transgene expression. WT VSV-G was used as a positive control, and detargeted VSV-G was used as a negative control. With respect to a CD20-CAR transgene, lentiviral constructs utilizing CD7 binders as provided for herein provided superior transgene transduction as compared to lentiviral constructs utilizing CD8 binders (FIG. 9B). As with the GFP transgene, binder orientation had minimal effect on transgene expression. Lentiviral constructs utilizing CD7 or CD8 binders both demonstrated transgene expression levels near the level of WT VSV-G when greater amounts of virus were utilized.

These examples and embodiments demonstrate that the CD7 and CD8 binders of the present disclosure can be incorporated into a lentiviral particle to direct successful transgene expression in a target cell. Further, these examples and embodiments demonstrate that different binders result in differential transgene expression, and that both the identity of the binder and the identity of the transgene are important variable in the efficacy of the viral particle.

Example 6: VSV-G* Pseudotyped Lentiviruses Harboring CD7 Binder Transduce PBMCs

Human PBMC cells were maintained in X-Vivo10 media with 5% human serum and 20 ng/mL of human IL-2. Non-human primate cells were maintained in RPMI media with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep with 1 mM Sodium Pyruvate and 100units/mL hIL-2. Concentrated lentivirus was used to infect human and non-human primate cells. The VSV-G protein utilized was a variant VSV-G protein harboring a mutation to prevent binding of VSV-G to the LDL-R. The variant VSV-G is denoted VSV-G* and corresponds to VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) (e.g. SEQ ID NO: 23), as provided for herein. A CD7 binder construct was utilized in the present example. The CD7 binder was as provided for herein. Media was replaced 24 hours later, and the transduced cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on day 7 after transduction to determine CAR transduction. CAR expression was observed in all human and non-human primate PBMCs assessed (FIG. 10A) compared to the binder alone (FIG. 10B) which shows no transduction. Data are also presented as percent CAR expression vs multiplicity of infection (FIG. 10C).

These examples and embodiments demonstrate that the VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviruses are able to successfully transduce a variety of human and non-human primate PMBCs.

Example 7: VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviruses harboring a CD7 binder exhibit minimal off target transduction.

The off target transduction of B-cells via VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs utilizing CD7 binders as provided for herein was assessed in several B-cell populations. The VSV-G protein utilized was a variant VSV-G protein harboring a mutation to prevent binding of VSV-G to the LDL-R. The variant VSV-G is denoted VSV-G* and corresponds to VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) (e.g. SEQ ID NO: 23), as provided for herein. B-cells cells were maintained in X-Vivo10 media with 5% human serum and 20 ng/mL of human IL-2. Non-human primate cells were maintained in RPMI media with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep with 1 mM Sodium Pyruvate and 100units/mL hIL-2. Concentrated lentivirus was used to infect the various B-cell populations. A CD7 binder construct was utilized in the present example. The CD7 binder was as provided for herein. Media was replaced 24 hours later, and the transduced cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on day 5 after transduction to determine GFP transduction. As a control, SupT1 cells were also infected with the same lentiviral constructs. None of the B-cell populations assessed demonstrated any significant level of GFP expression (FIG. 11A).

Lentiviral constructs delivering a CAR20-T2A-GFP transgene were also assessed in a similar manner. VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviruses utilizing the CD7 binder still exhibited minimal off target transduction of B-cells in all cell populations tested (FIG. 11B). The percent of CAR-T2A-GFP positive cells only exceeded 1% in line DB at the highest lentiviral concentrations utilized.

These examples and embodiments demonstrate that the i) VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviruses utilizing the CD7 binders of the present disclosure have low off target transduction of B-cells and ii) delivery of a CAR20 transgene instead of a GFP transgene does not significantly increase off target transduction in B-cells.

Example 8: VSV-G* Pseudotyped Lentiviruses With CD20-CAR Transgene Payload Kills CD20 Positive Lymphoma Cells in Vitro

The ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs with a CD20-CAR transgene to kill CD20 positive lymphoma cells in vitro was assessed. The VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs utilized CD7 binders as provided for herein. The VSV-G protein utilized was a variant VSV-G protein harboring a mutation to prevent binding of VSV-G to the LDL-R. The variant VSV-G is denoted VSV-G* and corresponds to VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) (e.g. SEQ ID NO: 23), as provided for herein. Human PBMCs were transduced with a lentiviral construct carrying a CD20-CAR (CAR20) transgene. The CAR20 transgenes comprised antigen binding domains of SEQ ID NO: 75 or SEQ ID NO: 76. CD20 positive lymphoma cells were then added to the CAR20 cells at a given effector to target ratio (E:T). All lentiviral constructs tested produced a dose dependent killing of CAR20 positive lymphoma cells (FIG. 12 )

These examples and embodiments demonstrate that the VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviruses utilizing the CD7 binders of the present disclosure not only transduce the appropriate target cells as demonstrated by the previous examples, but also produce robust and dose dependent killing of CD20 positive lymphoma cells in vivo.

Example 9: VSV-G* Pseudotyped Lentiviruses Deplete B-cells and Eliminate Established Tumors in Mice

The ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs to deplete B-cell populations in vivo was assessed. The VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs utilized CD7 binders as provided for herein. The VSV-G protein utilized was a variant VSV-G protein harboring a mutation to prevent binding of VSV-G to the LDL-R. The variant VSV-G is denoted VSV-G* and corresponds to VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) (e.g. SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 25), as provided for herein. Mice were injected with lentiviral particles expressing a GFP transgene, or a CD20-CAR transgene. The mice utilized were huCD34 NSG mice which have circulating human T and B cells. Mice receiving lentiviral constructs expressing GFP saw no loss of CD20 (FIG. 13A) or CD19 (FIG. 13B) B cells. Mice receiving the CD20-CAR transgene saw a dramatic and sustained loss of B cells over three weeks as exhibited by a dramatic loss of both CD20 positive B cells (FIG. 13A) and CD19 positive B cells (FIG. 13B).

To further characterize the in vivo efficacy of the viral particles, the ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs to prevent tumor formation was assessed. Mice were injected with viral particles expressing a GFP transgene or a CD20-CAR transgene on protocol Day 1. On Day 9, mice were infused with Raji tumor cells and tumor progression was monitored. The experimental protocol illustrated in FIG. 14A. Mice receiving no treatment or lentiviral constructs expressing GFP demonstrated progressive tumor development and spread as determined by IVIS imaging. In contrast, mice receiving lentiviral constructs expressing the CD20-CAR transgene demonstrated no tumor development after Raji cell infusion (FIG. 14B).

The ability of the viral particles to affect established tumors in vivo was also assessed. Mice were infused with Raji tumor cells on protocol Day 0. Mice were humanized via human PBMC engraftment on protocol Day 5, and mice were either not injected with viral particles (control) or injected with viral particles expressing a CD20-CAR transgene on protocol Day 6. Tumor progression was monitored through protocol Day 30. The experimental protocol is illustrated in FIG. 15A. Control and virus treated mice demonstrated comparable tumor load on Day 5 (prior to virus administration), Day 7, and Day 8 as determined by IVIS imaging, indicating that Raji tumors were established in both groups. At Day 12, control mice continued to exhibit increased tumor load, whereas virus treated mice exhibited a dramatic decrease in tumor load. The decreased tumor load was sustained throughout the duration of the experiment (FIG. 15B).

These examples and embodiments demonstrate that the VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs of the present disclosure are able to properly target B-cells in vivo, prevent tumor formation in vivo, and eliminate established tumors in vivo.

Example 10: VSV-G* Pseudotyped Lentiviruses Deplete B-Cells in Non-Human Primates

The ability of VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs to deplete B-cell populations in vivo was also assessed in non-human primates (Macaques). The VSV-G* pseudotyped lentiviral constructs utilized CD7 binders as provided for herein. The VSV-G protein utilized was a variant VSV-G protein harboring a mutation to prevent binding of VSV-G to the LDL-R. The variant VSV-G is denoted VSV-G* and corresponds to VSV-G (I182E, T214N, T352A) (e.g. SEQ ID NO: 23), as provided for herein. Macaques were injected with lentiviral particles on protocol Day 0 and their CD20+ cells were monitored. Injection of the lentiviral particles results in B-cell depletion in 6/6 Macaques tested.

This specification contains numerous citations to patents, patent applications, and publications. Each is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.

The specification also makes reference to various sequences, such as those provided herein and below.

VSV-G Indiana Full length WT:

MKCLLYLAFLFIGVNCKFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHN DLIGTALQVKMPKSHKAIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRS FTPSVEQCKESIEQTKQGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHV LVDEYTGEWVDSQFINGKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLISM DITFFSEDGELSSLGKEGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSG VWFEMADKDLFAAARFPECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLC QETWSKIRAGLPISPVDLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVD IAAPILSRMVGMISGTTTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPL YMIGHGMLDSDLHLSSKAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNP IELVEGWFSSWKSSIASFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQI YTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ ID NO: 1)

VSV-G Indiana Ectodomain WT:

KFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLISMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 2)

VSV-G Indiana ectodomain I182A:

KFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLASMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 3)

VSV-G Indiana ectodomain I182D:

KFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLDSMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 4)

VSV-G Indiana ectodomain I182E:

KFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLESMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 5)

VSV-G Indiana ectodomain H8A + K47Q:

KFTIVFPANQKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPQSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLISMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 6)

VSV-G Indiana ectodomain Q10A:

KFTIVFPHNAKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLISMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 7)

VSV-G Indiana ectodomain Q10R:

KFTIVFPHNRKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLISMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 8)

VSV-G Indiana ectodomain Q10K:

KFTIVFPHNKKGNWKNVPSNYHYCPSSSDLNWHNDLIGTALQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHASKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIRSFTPSVEQCKESIEQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEAVIVQVTPHHVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFIN GKCSNYICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVKGLCDSNLISMDITFFSEDGELSSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYETGGKACKMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDLFAAARF PECPEGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAGLPISPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAAPILSRMVGMISGT TTERELWDDWAPYEDVEIGPNGVLRTSSGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHLSS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDESLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSSWKSSIA SFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKKRQIYTDIEMNRLGK (SEQ  ID NO: 9)

VSV-G New Jersey Full length WT:

MLSYLIFALVVSPILGKIEIVFPQHTTGDWKRVPHEYNYCPTSADKNSHG TQTGIPVELTMPKGLTTHQVDGFMCHSALWMTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIHN EEPTDYQCLEAIKAYKDGVSFNPGFPPQSCGYGTVTDAEAHIVTVTPHSV KVDEYTGEWIDPHFIGGRCKGQICETVHNSTKWFTSSDGESVCSQLFTLV GGTFFSDSEEITSMGLPETGIRSNYFPYVSTEGICKMPFCRKPGYKLKND LWFQITDPDLDKTVRDLPHIKDCDLSSSIVTPGEHATDISLISDVERILD YALCQNTWSKIEAGEPITPVDLSYLGPKNPGAGPVFTIINGSLHYFMSKY LRVELESPVIPRMEGKVAGTRIVRQLWDQWFPFGEVEIGPNGVLKTKQGY KFPLHIIGTGEVDNDIKMERIVKHWEHPHIEAAQTFLKKDDTEEVLYYGD TGVSKNPVELVEGWFSGWRSSIMGVLAVIIGFVILIFLIRLIGVLSSLFR QKRRPIYKSDVEMAHFR (SEQ ID NO: 10)

VSV-G New Jersey ectodomain WT:

KIEIVFPQHTTGDWKRVPHEYNYCPTSADKNSHGTQTGIPVELTMPKGLT THQVDGFMCHSALWMTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIHNEEPTDYQCLEAIKAYK DGVSFNPGFPPQSCGYGTVTDAEAHIVTVTPHSVKVDEYTGEWIDPHFIG GRCKGQICETVHNSTKWFTSSDGESVCSQLFTLVGGTFFSDSEEITSMGL PETGIRSNYFPYVSTEGICKMPFCRKPGYKLKNDLWFQITDPDLDKTVRD LPHIKDCDLSSSIVTPGEHATDISLISDVERILDYALCQNTWSKIEAGEP ITPVDLSYLGPKNPGAGPVFTIINGSLHYFMSKYLRVELESPVIPRMEGK VAGTRIVRQLWDQWFPFGEVEIGPNGVLKTKQGYKFPLHIIGTGEVDNDI KMERIVKHWEHPHIEAAQTFLKKDDTEEVLYYGDTGVSKNPVELVEGWFS GWRSSIMGVLAVIIGFVILIFLIRLIGVLSSLFRQKRRPIYKSDVEMAHF R (SEQ ID NO: 11)

VSV-G Marraba Full length WT:

MLRLFLFCFLALGAHSKFTIVFPHHQKGNWKNVPSTYHYCPSSSDQNWHN DLTGVSLHVKIPKSHKAIQADGWMCHAAKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIHS MSPTLEQCKTSIEQTKQGVWINPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEVVVVQATPHHV LVDEYTGEWIDSQLVGGKCSKEVCQTVHNSTVWHADYKITGLCESNLASV DITFFSEDGQKTSLGKPNTGFRSNHFAYESGEKACRMQYCTQWGIRLPSG VWFELVDKDLFQAAKLPECPRGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLC QETWSKIRAKLPVSPVDLSYLAPKNPGSGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVD ISNPIIPHMVGTMSGTTTERELWNDWYPYEDVEIGPNGVLKTPTGFKFPL YMIGHGMLDSDLHKSSQAQVFEHPHAKDAASQLPDDETLFFGDTGLSKNP VELVEGWFSSWKSTLASFFLIIGLGVALIFIIRIIVAIRYKYKGRKTQKI YNDVEMSRLGNK (SEQ ID NO: 12)

VSV-G Marraba ectodomain WT:

KFTIVFPHHQKGNWKNVPSTYHYCPSSSDQNWHNDLTGVSLHVKIPKSHK AIQADGWMCHAAKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIHSMSPTLEQCKTSIEQTK QGVWINPGFPPQSCGYATVTDAEVVVVQATPHHVLVDEYTGEWIDSQLVG GKCSKEVCQTVHNSTVWHADYKITGLCESNLASVDITFFSEDGQKTSLGK PNTGFRSNHFAYESGEKACRMQYCTQWGIRLPSGVWFELVDKDLFQAAKL PECPRGSSISAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAKLPVSPV DLSYLAPKNPGSGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDISNPIIPHMVGTMSGT TTERELWNDWYPYEDVEIGPNGVLKTPTGFKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHKSS QAQVFEHPHAKDAASQLPDDETLFFGDTGLSKNPVELVEGWFSSWKSTLA SFFLIIGLGVALIFIIRIIVAIRYKYKGRKTQKIYNDVEMSRLGNK (SE Q ID NO: 13)

VSV-G Carajas Full length WT:

MKMKMVIAGLILCIGILPAIGKITISFPQSLKGDWRPVPKGYNYCPTSAD KNLHGDLIDIGLRLRAPKSFKGISADGWMCHAARWITTCDFRWYGPKYIT HSIHSFRPSNDQCKEAIRLTNEGNWINPGFPPQSCGYASVTDSESVVVTV TKHQVLVDEYSGSWIDSQFPGGSCTSPICDTVHNSTLWHADHTLDSICDQ EFVAMDAVLFTESGKFEEFGKPNSGIRSNYFPYESLKDVCQMDFCKRKGF KLPSGVWFEIEDAEKSHKAQVELKIKRCPHGAVISAPNQNAADINLIMDV ERILDYSLCQATWSKIQNKEALTPIDISYLGPKNPGPGPAFTIINGTLHY FNTRYIRVDIAGPVTKEITGFVSGTSTSRVLWDQWFPYGENSIGPNGLLK TASGYKYPLFMVGTGVLDADIHKLGEATVIEHPHAKEAQKVVDDSEVIFF GDTGVSKNPVEVVEGWFSGWRSSLMSIFGIILLIVCLVLIVRILIALKYC CVRHKKRTIYKEDLEMGRIPRRA (SEQ ID NO: 14)

VSV-G Carajas ectodomain WT:

KITISFPQSLKGDWRPVPKGYNYCPTSADKNLHGDLIDIGLRLRAPKSFK GISADGWMCHAARWITTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIHSFRPSNDQCKEAIRLTN EGNWINPGFPPQSCGYASVTDSESVVVTVTKHQVLVDEYSGSWIDSQFPG GSCTSPICDTVHNSTLWHADHTLDSICDQEFVAMDAVLFTESGKFEEFGK PNSGIRSNYFPYESLKDVCQMDFCKRKGFKLPSGVWFEIEDAEKSHKAQV ELKIKRCPHGAVISAPNQNAADINLIMDVERILDYSLCQATWSKIQNKEA LTPIDISYLGPKNPGPGPAFTIINGTLHYFNTRYIRVDIAGPVTKEITGF VSGTSTSRVLWDQWFPYGENSIGPNGLLKTASGYKYPLFMVGTGVLDADI HKLGEATVIEHPHAKEAQKVVDDSEVIFFGDTGVSKNPVEVVEGWFSGWR SSLMSIFGIILLIVCLVLIVRILIALKYCCVRHKKRTIYKEDLEMGRIPR RA (SEQ ID NO: 15)

VSV-G Alagoa Full length WT:

MTPAFILCMLLAGSSWAKFTIVFPQSQKGDWKDVPPNYRYCPSSADQNWH GDLLGVNIRAKMPKVHKAIKADGWMCHAAKWVTTCDYRWYGPQYITHSIH SFIPTKAQCEESIKQTKEGVWINPGFPPKNCGYASVSDAESIIVQATAHS VMIDEYSGDWLDSQFPTGRCTGSTCETIHNSTLWYADYQVTGLCDSALVS TEVTFYSEDGLMTSIGRQNTGYRSNYFPYEKGAAACRMKYCTHEGIRLPS GVWFEMVDKELLESVQMPECPAGLTISAPTQTSVDVSLILDVERMLDYSL CQETWSKVHSGLPISPVDLGYIAPKNPGAGPAFTIVNGTLKYFDTRYLRI DIEGPVLKKMTGKVSGTPTKRELWTEWFPYDDVEIGPNGVLKTPEGYKFP LYMIGHGLLDSDLQKTSQAEVFHHPQIAEAVQKLPDDETLFFGDTGISKN PVEVIEGWFSNWRSSVMAIVFAILLLVITVLMVRLCVAFRHFCCQKRHKI YNDLEMNQLRR (SEQ ID NO: 16)

VSV-G Alagoa ectodomain WT:

KFTIVFPQSQKGDWKDVPPNYRYCPSSADQNWHGDLLGVNIRAKMPKVHK AIKADGWMCHAAKWVTTCDYRWYGPQYITHSIHSFIPTKAQCEESIKQTK EGVWINPGFPPKNCGYASVSDAESIIVQATAHSVMIDEYSGDWLDSQFPT GRCTGSTCETIHNSTLWYADYQVTGLCDSALVSTEVTFYSEDGLMTSIGR QNTGYRSNYFPYEKGAAACRMKYCTHEGIRLPSGVWFEMVDKELLESVQM PECPAGLTISAPTQTSVDVSLILDVERMLDYSLCQETWSKVHSGLPISPV DLGYIAPKNPGAGPAFTIVNGTLKYFDTRYLRIDIEGPVLKKMTGKVSGT PTKRELWTEWFPYDDVEIGPNGVLKTPEGYKFPLYMIGHGLLDSDLQKTS QAEVFHHPQIAEAVQKLPDDETLFFGDTGISKNPVEVIEGWFSNWRSSVM AIVFAILLLVITVLMVRLCVAFRHFCCQKRHKIYNDLEMNQLRR (SEQ  ID NO: 17)

VSV-G Cocal Full length WT:

MNFLLLTFIVLPLCSHAKFSIVFPQSQKGNWKNVPSSYHYCPSSSDQNWH NDLLGITMKVKMPKTHKAIQADGWMCHAAKWITTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIH SIQPTSEQCKESIKQTKQGTWMSPGFPPQNCGYATVTDSVAVVVQATPHH VLVDEYTGEWIDSQFPNGKCETEECETVHNSTVWYSDYKVTGLCDATLVD TEITFFSEDGKKESIGKPNTGYRSNYFAYEKGDKVCKMNYCKHAGVRLPS GVWFEFVDQDVYAAAKLPECPVGATISAPTQTSVDVSLILDVERILDYSL CQETWSKIRSKQPVSPVDLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRI DIDNPIISKMVGKISGSQTERELWTEWFPYEGVEIGPNGILKTPTGYKFP LFMIGHGMLDSDLHKTSQAEVFEHPHLAEAPKQLPEEETLFFGDTGISKN PVELIEGWFSSWKSTVVTFFFAIGVFILLYVVARIVIAVRYRYQGSNNKR IYNDIEMSRFRK (SEQ ID NO: 18)

VSV-G Cocal ectodomain WT:

KFSIVFPQSQKGNWKNVPSSYHYCPSSSDQNWHNDLLGITMKVKMPKTHK AIQADGWMCHAAKWITTCDFRWYGPKYITHSIHSIQPTSEQCKESIKQTK QGTWMSPGFPPQNCGYATVTDSVAVVVQATPHHVLVDEYTGEWIDSQFPN GKCETEECETVHNSTVWYSDYKVTGLCDATLVDTEITFFSEDGKKESIGK PNTGYRSNYFAYEKGDKVCKMNYCKHAGVRLPSGVWFEFVDQDVYAAAKL PECPVGATISAPTQTSVDVSLILDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRSKQPVSPV DLSYLAPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRIDIDNPIISKMVGKISGS QTERELWTEWFPYEGVEIGPNGILKTPTGYKFPLFMIGHGMLDSDLHKTS QAEVFEHPHLAEAPKQLPEEETLFFGDTGISKNPVELIEGWFSSWKSTVV TFFFAIGVFILLYVVARIVIAVRYRYQGSNNKRIYNDIEMSRFRK (SEQ  ID NO: 19)

VSV-G Morreton Full length WT:

MLVLYLLLSLLALGAQCKFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPANYQYCPSSSDLNWH NGLIGTSLQVKMPKSHKAIQADGWMCHAAKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYVTHSIK SMIPTVDQCKESIAQTKQGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYASVTDAEAVIVKATPHQ VLVDEYTGEWVDSQFPTGKCNKDICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVTGLCDANLIS MDITFFSEDGKLTSLGKEGTGFRSNYFAYENGDKACRMQYCKHWGVRLPS GVWFEMADKDIYNDAKFPDCPEGSSIAAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSL CQETWSKIRAHLPISPVDLSYLSPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRV DIAGPIIPQMRGVISGTTTERELWTDWYPYEDVEIGPNGVLKTATGYKFP LYMIGHGMLDSDLHISSKAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDETLFFGDTGLSKN PIELVEGWFSGWKSTIASFFFIIGLVIGLYLVLRIGIALCIKCRVQEKRP KIYTDVEMNRLDR (SEQ ID NO: 20)

VSV-G Morreton ectodomain WT:

KFTIVFPHNQKGNWKNVPANYQYCPSSSDLNWHNGLIGTSLQVKMPKSHK AIQADGWMCHAAKWVTTCDFRWYGPKYVTHSIKSMIPTVDQCKESIAQTK QGTWLNPGFPPQSCGYASVTDAEAVIVKATPHQVLVDEYTGEWVDSQFPT GKCNKDICPTVHNSTTWHSDYKVTGLCDANLISMDITFFSEDGKLTSLGK EGTGFRSNYFAYENGDKACRMQYCKHWGVRLPSGVWFEMADKDIYNDAKF PDCPEGSSIAAPSQTSVDVSLIQDVERILDYSLCQETWSKIRAHLPISPV DLSYLSPKNPGTGPAFTIINGTLKYFETRYIRVDIAGPIIPQMRGVISGT TTERELWTDWYPYEDVEIGPNGVLKTATGYKFPLYMIGHGMLDSDLHISS KAQVFEHPHIQDAASQLPDDETLFFGDTGLSKNPIELVEGWFSGWKSTIA SFFFIIGLVIGLYLVLRIGIALCIKCRVQEKRPKIYTDVEMNRLDR (SE Q ID NO: 21)

Fc IgG1 (Accession No. P01857)

ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEP KSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVS HEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGK EYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTC LVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRW QQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 26)

Fc IgG2 (Accession No. AAN76043)

STKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKTVERK CCVECPPCPAPPVAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPE VQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSVLTVVHQDWLNGKEYKCK VSNKGLPAPIEKTISKTKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGF YPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPMLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNV FSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 27)

Fc IgG4 (Accession No. AAB59394)

STKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESK YGPPCPSCPAPEFLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSQEDP EVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKC KVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKG FYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGN VFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGK (SEQ ID NO: 28) 

What is claimed is: 1-70. (canceled)
 71. A polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprises a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at position 182 of SEQ ID NO:
 2. 72. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprises a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at position 182 of SEQ ID NO:
 2. 73. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 97% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprises a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at position 182 of SEQ ID NO:
 2. 74. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 98% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprises a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at position 182 of SEQ ID NO:
 2. 75. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprises a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at position 182 of SEQ ID NO:
 2. 76. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the mutation at position is a I182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 77. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the mutation at position 182 comprises a I182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 78. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a mutation that corresponds to a mutation at position 214, a mutation at position 352, or a mutation at both position 214 and position 352 of SEQ ID NO:
 2. 79. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a T214N mutation, a T352A mutation, or a combination thereof, as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 80. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a T214N mutation and a T352A mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 81. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the mutation at position 182 comprises a I182E or I182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 and wherein the polypeptide further comprises a T214N mutation, a T352A mutation, or a combination thereof, as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 82. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the mutation at position 182 comprises a I182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 and wherein the polypeptide further comprises a T214N mutation, a T352A mutation, or a combination thereof, as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 83. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the mutation at position 182 comprises a I182E or I182D mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 and wherein the polypeptide further comprises a T214N mutation and a T352A mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 84. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the mutation at position 182 comprises a I182E mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 and wherein the polypeptide further comprises a T214N mutation and a T352A mutation as compared to SEQ ID NO:
 2. 85. The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 23. 86. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide of claim
 1. 87. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim
 86. 88. A cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim
 86. 89. A viral particle comprising the polypeptide of claim
 1. 90. The viral particle of claim 89, wherein the viral particle is a lentivirus comprising the polypeptide.
 91. The viral particle of claim 89, wherein the viral particle further comprises a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding a heterologous molecule of interest.
 92. The viral particle of claim 91, wherein the heterologous molecule of interest is an siRNA, an shRNA, a non-coding RNA, a polypeptide, a viral payload, a viral genome, or a combination thereof.
 93. The viral particle of claim 91, wherein the heterologous molecule of interest is a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”). 